1. CELLS Structure & Function Review

2. The ___________ is thebasic unit of life. cell
____________ was the first person
to see “cells” under the microscope.
Robert Hooke

3. What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters or leaves cell;
When DNA is spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells
it is called ____________.
chromatin

4. What is the function of mitochondria?
In 1855 German physician __________________________
saw dividing cells and reasoned that cells come from existing cells.
Rudolf Virchow
What is the function of mitochondria?
Burn glucose and store energy as ATP

5. Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes
This storage space is a ___________.
vacuole

6. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function
Tell two of the parts of the cell theory.
*All living things are made of cells.
*Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism
* Cells are produced from existing cells.
Small structure in a cell that performs
a specific function
organelle

7. In 1838 a botanist named ___________________________ concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells.
Matthias Schleiden
What does the nucleolus make?
ribosomes

8. Tell which part does it? Centrioles Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Burns glucose ____________________
Controls what enters or leaves the cell ___________________
Pulls chromosomes during cell division __________________
Digests unwanted substances or cell parts _______________
Makes proteins ______________________
Contains chromatin ___________________
Cell membrane
Centrioles
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Nucleus

9. An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote
This organelle is the ____________
Rough ER

10. Name an organelle that assists in movement.
Dutch microscope maker who 1st saw living cells.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Name an organelle that assists in movement.
Cilia or flagella

11. Molecule that provides the energy for active transport
This storage space is larger in plants than animals.
vacuole
Molecule that provides the energy for active transport
ATP

12. Organelle that acts as the cell’s control center.
Cells that have a cell membrane
but NOT a nuclear membrane are ________________
prokaryotes
Organelle that acts as the cell’s control center.
nucleus

13. Phospholipids & proteins
Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules.
Phospholipids & proteins
Name another kind of molecule that could
also be found in an animal cell membrane
Steroids(lipids) OR glycoproteins

14. nucleolus Dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made.
Membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through and not others are said
to be ___________________ permeable.
Selectively OR semi-

15. Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the good of the organism
Apoptosis
Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell.
ribosomes

16. In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin?
dividing non-dividing
Non-dividing
Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside
_____________________
Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts
chloroplasts

17. Cell organelles that burn glucose and store energy as ATP.
mitochondria
This structure is a __________
flagellum

18. Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles
Name an organelle that is made of microtubules
Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella,
OR centrioles
An membrane protein with carbohydrates attached to its surface that functions in
cell identification is called a
____________________
glycoprotein

19. Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
Tell one difference between cilia and flagella.
Cilia- several, shorter Flagella-one or two, longer

20. Tell which part does it? chromatin Rough ER
Makes lipids for membranes ____________________
Makes ATP ___________________
Spread out DNA __________________
Modifies & transports proteins made on its
ribosomes ________________________
Regulates calcium levels in muscle cells ________________
Supports and protects plant cells ___________________
smooth ER
Mitochondria
chromatin
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Cell wall

21. Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes.
Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called
_________ ER.
rough
Membrane bound sac that
contains digestive enzymes.
lysosome

22. This organelle makes ATP.
mitochondrion
Because the phospholipids in a cell membrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________.
bilayer

23. Called the “power plant” of the cell because it makes energy
Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells.
Plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells don’t.
Plants have larger vacuoles.
Plants have chloroplasts and animal cells don’t
Called the “power plant” of the cell
because it makes energy
mitochondrion

24. This organelle contains the molecules for photosynthesis.
Tell one way bacteria are different from animal cells.
Bacteria don’t have a nuclear membrane and animal cells do.
Bacteria have a cell wall and animal cells
don’t.
This organelle contains the molecules
for photosynthesis.
chloroplast

25. smooth
_________ ER does NOT have ribosomes attached
The _______________ is made of microfilaments and microtubules and helps the cell to maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton

26. The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________.
polar nonpolar
polar

27. Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances
What is the job of the ribosomes?
Make proteins
Pancake-like stack of membranes
that modify, sort, &package substances
for transport.
Golgi body

28. Name a cell part that has this 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules
Cilia OR flagella
Organelle in a plant or animal cell that
contains the cell’s genetic material.
nucleus

29. Ribosomes are made of __________ & __________
The folded inner membrane in the mitochondria which help to increase the surface area for chemical reactions is called the _______________.
cristae
Ribosomes are made of __________ & __________
Protein RNA

30. Tell which part does it? flagella cristae
Contains genetic info __________________
Give cell shape/support ____________
Few, long structures for locomotion __________________
Provide more surface area inside mitochondria _________________
Place for photosynthesis __________________
Large storage space ___________________
nucleus
cytoskeleton
flagella
cristae
chloroplast
vacuole

31. What is the function of the Rough ER?
Modify and transport molecules made
by its ribosomes
This organelle is a _____________
Golgi Body

32. A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote
Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike.
Both are eukaryotes.
Both have a nuclear & cell membrane.
Have most of same organelles (except cell wall and chloroplast)

33. Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________
The many short structures on the top of this cell are __________
cilia
Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________
eukaryotes

34. The cytoskeleton is made of ______________ & ______________
The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________
Smooth ER
The cytoskeleton is made of
______________ & ______________
Microfilaments microtubules

35. The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside away from water because it is ______________.
polar nonpolar
Non polar

36. Theodor Schwann What do ribosomes make?
In 1839 a Zoologist named _________________________ concluded that ALL ANIMALS are made of cells
Theodor Schwann
What do ribosomes make?
proteins

37. A B C D E A = ________________ B = ________________
Cell membrane
Rough ER
nucleus
Golgi Body
Mitochondrion

38. Tell which part does it? Cilia or flagella Golgi bodies
Mitochondria
Makes ATP ____________________
Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus _________________
Help cell move __________________
Modify, sort, & package
substances for transport _________________
Makes ribosomes ______________________
Control center of cell ___________________
nuclear envelope
Cilia or flagella
Golgi bodies
nucleolus
Nucleus

39. Put in order of increasing size:
Organ cell organ system organism tissue
_______ _________  _________
_____________  ______________
organ
cell
tissue
Organ system
organism

40. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside
True or False
Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane.
FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside
Name one of the functions of Smooth ER
Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels,
Break down toxic substances

41. Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that has its OWN DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
A group of cells that work together to
carry out a specific function are called a _______________
tissue

42. Plant cells don’t have centrioles
True or False
Bacteria don’t have ribosomes.
False; Yes, they do
Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes
True or False
Plant cells don’t have centrioles
True; at least we can’t see them

43. Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that is surrounded by a
DOUBLE membrane
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
A group of organs that work together to
carry out a specific function are called an _______________
Organ system

44. You would expect to see cristae inside a ________________
Centrioles are only seen in
__________________________ cells.
Dividing animal
You would expect to see cristae inside
a ________________
mitochondrion

45. Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called
Cells that need a lot of energy
probably have a lot of ______________
Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles
mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum without
ribosomes attached is called
_____________________
Smooth ER

46. concentration of molecules across
The difference in the
concentration of molecules across
a space is called a ______________________
Concentration gradient

47. This cell is in a _______________ solution. isotonic
It will probably ________________
shrink swell & burst stay the same size
Stay the same size

48. This cell is in a _______________ solution. hypertonic
It will probably ________________
shrink swell & burst stay the same size
Shrink

49. This cell is in a _______________ solution. hypotonic
It will probably ________________
shrink swell & burst stay the same size
swell and burst

50. When you sit in the bathtub, your fingers get wrinkly because of the water entering your skin cells. The bathtub water is a ____________ solution compared to your skin cells
hypotonic
Hypotonic isotonic hypertonic

51. endocytosis This type of transport is called _______________

52. ACTIVE
____________ transport can move molecules AGAINST the concentration gradient.
Active Passive
When you mix iodine with ____________
you will see a black/purple
color change.
starch

53. The shrinking of plant cells in a HYPERTONIC solution is called
______________
plasmolysis
This cell is in a _______________
solution.
hypotonic isotonic hypertonic
HYPOTONIC

54. ___________ transport does NOT require energy to move molecules.
Passive
___________ transport does NOT require energy to move molecules.
Kind of transport used by ions like Ca+ + , Cl - , Na+ , and K + to move across cell membranes
Ion channels
(Na+ and K + can also move
by the Na+ - K + pump)

55. Cell wall is sturdy & holds shape
The proteins
in a cell membrane
that help move
molecules across the
membrane are called __________ proteins.
What keeps plant cells from undergoing
bursting in hypotonic environments? _____________
carrier
Cell wall is sturdy & holds shape

56. Name the 4 kinds of passive transport
Name a kind of transport that uses carrier proteins to help molecules move across membranes
Facilitated diffusion, ion channels,
OR Na+-K+ pump
Name the 4 kinds of passive transport
Diffusion Osmosis
facilitated diffusion ion channels

57. selectively permeable
A membrane that lets certain molecules pass
through and not
others is called
_______________
Semi permeable OR
selectively permeable

58. Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, Exocytosis, endocytosis
Name a kind of transport that uses
vesicles to move substances across
a membrane
Pinocytosis, phagocytosis,
Exocytosis, endocytosis
Name the kind of transport that
moves WATER across cell membranes
OSMOSIS

59. What will happen to this freshwater fish?
There are fewer molecules in fresh water than in the bodies of animals that live in there.
What will happen to this freshwater fish?
Freshwater fish live
in a HYPOtonic
environment.
Water will move INTO the fish and
it must urinate
frequently to
maintain its
water balance. (HOMEOSTASIS)

60. Diffusion continues
until the concentration of molecules is equal throughout the space.
This is called ___________________
equilibrium

61. Type of endocytosis in which cells take in small molecules or fluids
Which organelle makes the ATP used to run the Na + -K+ pump?
mitochondria
Type of endocytosis in which cells take in small molecules or fluids
pinocytosis

62. From the lungs into the blood
The white circles stand for oxygen molecules.
Use what you know about diffusion of molecules to predict which way the oxygen will move.
From the lungs into the blood

63. The energy for active transport comes from this molecule
The type of transport that moves substances OUT of cells is called
______________
exocytosis
The energy for active transport
comes from this molecule
ATP

64. isotonic It will probably __________________
This cell is in a __________________ solution.
isotonic
It will probably
__________________
Undergo cytolysis
Undergo plasmolysis stay the same size
stay the same size

65. The pressure of water exerts in a cell during osmosis is called ________________ pressure.
LABEL THE DIAGRAMS;
OSMOTIC
HYPERTONIC
ISOTONIC
HYPOTONIC

66. Putting plant cells into a
HYPOTONIC solution will cause water to ____________________________________
enter cell leave cell
This will cause a(n) ___________ in
osmotic pressure.
Enter cell
increase

67. Putting plant cells into a
HYPERTONIC solution will cause water to ____________________________________
enter cell leave cell
This will cause a(n) ___________ in
osmotic pressure.
Leave cell
decrease

68. Name the Cell GUY Matthias Schleiden German physician who saw
dividing cells and concluded
all cells come from existing cells _____________
German botanist who
concluded all plants are
made of cells ___________________
Dutch microscope maker
who 1st saw living cells __________________
Rudolf Virchow
Matthias Schleiden
Anton van Leeuwenhoek

69. Name the Cell GUY Robert Hooke German zoologist who
concluded all animals
are made of cells _______________________
English scientist who 1st
saw “little boxes” in cork
and called them cells ___________________
Theodor Schwann
Robert Hooke

70. Tell if the transport is ACTIVE or PASSIVE
Facilitated diffusion ___________________
Osmosis ____________________
Na + - K+ pump ____________________
Diffusion ____________________
Endocytosis _______________________
Exocytosis ________________________
Ion channels ________________________
PASSIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE

71. Tell if the transport uses
Vesicles Carrier proteins Needs NO HELP
Facilitated diffusion ___________________
Osmosis ____________________
Na + - K+ pump ____________________
Diffusion ____________________
Endocytosis _______________________
Exocytosis ________________________
Ion channels ________________________
Carrier protein
Needs no help
Carrier protein
Needs no help
Vesicle
vesicle
Carrier protein

72. Ion channel Match the picture with the kind of transport
Ion channel
Membrane proteins make a passageway through the
membrane for ions
Name a substance that in transported in this way
Cl- , Ca+ + , Na+ or K + ions

73. diffusion osmosis Match the picture with the kind of transport
Molecules move across membrane without help from carrier
proteins or vesicles
If the molecule moving is oxygen or carbon dioxide this would be called ____________________
If the molecule moving is water this would be called __________________
diffusion
osmosis

74. Na+ - K + pump Na+ or K + ions
Match the picture with the kind of transport
Na+ - K + pump
Energy from ATP is used to move Na + ions OUT OF
and K + ions INTO the cell
Name a substance that in transported in this way
Na+ or K + ions

75. ENDOCYTOSIS Match the picture with the kind of transport
Substance is transported INTO cell inside a vesicle
If what is moving into the cell are small molecules or fluids
this would be called __________________
PINOCYTOSIS

76. EXOCYTOSIS Golgi Bodies Match the picture with the kind of transport
EXOCYTOSIS
Substance in put in a
Vesicle and transported up to the cell membrane and released OUTSIDE
INSIDE OUTSIDE CELL CELL
Name an organelle that uses this kind of transport
Golgi Bodies

77. Facilitated diffusion
Match the picture with the kind of transport
Facilitated diffusion
Carrier protein grabs molecule,
changes shape, and flips it to the other side
Name a molecule that moves into cells this way
glucose

78. ENDOCYTOSIS Match the picture with the kind of transport
ENDOCYTOSIS
Substance is transported INTO cell inside a vesicle
If the green square above is
a large molecule or a whole cell
this would be called __________________
PHAGOCYTOSIS

79. Tell the kind of transport used by each
Glucose ___________________
Oxygen & carbon dioxide _______________
Na + and K+ ions ____________________
Na +, K+ Cl -, & Ca ++ ions_______________
water _______________________
Large molecules & whole cells____________
Small molecules & fluid _______________
Used by Golgi to transport molecules OUT of cell ___________________________
Used by white blood cells to
engulf and destroy bacteria _____________________
Facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
Na + – K+ pump
Ion channels
osmosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Exocytosis
Phagocytosis