1. First Peloponnesian War
Story of the first Total and World War

2. Tragedy of the Ancient Greeks
Enormous destruction of both sides
Plague of Athens
Halt to the Periclean Age in Athens
Sparta wins
'How could we have lost to those - I Tournavitou, 2003
Tragedy of the Ancient Greeks

3. Thucydides Most widely read ancient historian
Studied in most service academies
World War, massive casualties, atrocities
'It was the growth of the Athenians to greatness that brought fear to the Lacadaemonians and that drove them to war.'
No metrics or paradigms. He examines emotions and psychology of the principles.
Awesome at chronologies and history, terrible at dates
Thucydides

4. Secret Alliance between Thasos and Sparta: Sparta agrees to invade Attica as Cimon is up north!
Remember:
Earthquake and Helot Revolt
Cimonian help to Sparta which is spurned
Athenian anger at Sparta for being rude
Thasian Revolt, 465

5. Athens acquires Naupactos
According to legend, the place where the sons of Herakles build the fleet that helps them take the Peloponnese!
For you and me and the war, where Athens settles tons of escaped helots following the earthquake rebellion. Actually, Athens just plain gives it to them.
Athens acquires Naupactos

6. Corinth-Megara War, 460 Both Peloponnesian League members
Megara is losing, so they approach Sparta for help. They say no, as usual.
So they go to the Athens and defect from the League.
Corinth-Megara War, 460

7. Athens fortifies the northern isthmus
Build walls for Megara (and other ports nearby)
Cut off Spartan advance into Attica
Long-term hatred of Corinth
Fighting sporadic between multiple players in the eastern Peloponnese
Egyptians invite alliance if Athens can help them defeat the Persians, so they send 200ish ships south.
Athens fortifies the northern isthmus

8. Sparta takes Doris Invited by Thebes to help them secure Boiotia
Sparta and Thebes then turn south,
Battle of Tanagra*
Spartan tactical victory, strategic stalemate
How did they sneak across the Gulf of Corinth?
Athens didn't think they would try.
Anyway, Athens attacks immediately and takes Boiotia.
Sparta takes Doris

9. Athens completes the long walls

10. Athens has a secure position
Megara is secure, Boiotia has fallen, they have the seas, the long walls are the ultimate defensive policy.
For whatever reason, this is how they see themselves for the duration of the war. They remain incredibly, sublimely arrogant.
Athens has a secure position

11. 455 (probably), Disaster Egyptian fleet is lost, about half the total
Alliance with Egypt is gone, and it wrecked the budget forecast the next year. Athenian Mrs Dupuy is super angry!
455 (probably), Disaster

12. 454 -*Transfer of Delian Treasury* 449 -*Peace of Callias*
Athens makes off with the League cash
Athens ratifies a separate peace with Persia.
Shift from Delian League to Athenian Empire
454 -*Transfer of Delian Treasury* 449 -*Peace of Callias*

13. Cimon's back in town! Then dead. No check on Pericles.
Elected polymarch following ostracism.
Negotiates brief peace with Sparta.
Leads navy against nasty Persians and wins in Cyprus, but dies of a wound or disease.
Cimon's back in town! Then dead. No check on Pericles.

14. 449 – Sparta invades Phocis – Building starts on the Acropolis. Callias.

15. Euboia Revolts from Athens
Pericles personally leads the army against the island
At the same time Megara revolts
Rush back to Attica
Euboia Revolts from Athens

16. Battle pitched somewhere in north Attica
Sparta looks like they have a stronger side, but King Pleistoanax calls out Pericles and then makes the Four Month Truce
King P faces charges in Sparta later
What did Pericles say?
What happens if we fight? Look we only fought each other a little while ago and what happened then? Well, you beat us, but you didn't clobber us. You took a lot of casualties, and you weren't able to exploit it. That is even truer today than it was then, because if you defeat us, what will we do? We'll run back to our walls, we'll go through our gates, and you won't be able to lay a pinky on us, and we don't have to fight you if we don't want to, because we own the fleet that dominates the sea.
We have the money from our allies that pays for the fleet. As long as we have control of the sea you can ravage our country all you want to. We can get all the grain we need through imports. So, what are you going to do then? You'll have taken casualties for nothing and you still won't be able to compel us to do what you want. I think that's the argument that Pericles must have given to Pleistoanax.
Battle pitched somewhere in north Attica

17. Athens gives up continental rights, keeps islands
Grants neutrals the rights to join whomever they wish
Any future complaints from Athens or Sparta about the other must be settled by arbitration (!)
It seems a neutral and fair peace.
Potential essay preview: Was the full blown Peloponnesian War inevitable?
Thirty-Years Peace, 446