1. Earth spins on an axis to the
East
Different shapes of the moon
Caused by moons revolution
Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5°
Moon is getting brighter
New Moon  Full Moon
Caused by Earth’s rotation on an axis
Day = facing sun Night = not facing Sun
Moon is getting darker
Full Moon  New Moon
Area of the world where all the clocks
are set to the same time. Were created
because Earth’s rotation causes people
to experience the Sun at different times.
Entire face of the moon is
lit up.
Order: Sun – Earth - Moon

2. Circling around another object
Moon revolves around the Earth
Earth revolves around the Sun
Entire face of the moon is dark
ORDER: Sun, Moon, Earth
The blocking of light
Sun, Moon and Earth line up
PATH an object takes while it
revolves around another object
Summer  Axis tilted TOWARDS Sun
Winter  Axis tilted AWAY from Sun
New Moon blocks sunlight
from reaching Earth

3. Fall & Spring
Axis tilted sideways to the Sun
Sun shines directly on equator
Earth’s shadow blocks sunlight
from hitting the full Moon
Revolves around the Earth
Has 8 Phases – always 50% lit up
Causes tides
Place where the Moon lines up
with the Earth in its orbit
1 revolution of the moon around
the Earth
-takes 29 days  8 phases
Causes by the moon gravitational
pull on the Earth’s water
Occur every new & full moon
Moon & Sun line up with the
Earth so they BOTH pull on the
water

4. 1 trip the Earth around the Sun 1 year = 365.25 days/rotations
Spin on AXIS 24 hours for 1 spin
Causes the Day-Night Cycle
Day = facing Sun
Night = facing away from Sun
Spin Eastward
Sun Rise in the East and sets in the West
Causes shadows to move W  E
Caused creation of TIME ZONES
People receive light at different times of day
1 trip the Earth around the Sun
1 year = days/rotations
Counter clockwise
1 trip of Moon around the Earth
1 lunar cycle = 29 days
Orbit = path the object takes

5. Less hours in a day
Shorter days
Shorter rotational period
More hours in a day
Longer days
Longer rotational period
Longer years
More days in a year
There would be no day-night cycle.
We would spend ½ year in daylight and ½ year in darkness.

6. We would not have years. Eventually we would get pulled into the
Sun.
There would be no seasons and everywhere on Earth would have
12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night time.
More extreme seasons  sun’s angle even higher/lower
>14.8 hrs daylight hours in summer, <9.8 hrs daylight in winter
We would not see the phases of the moon and we would not
have any tides or eclipses.

7. days/1 year
rotation on its axis
day
revolve the Sun
23.5
opposite
east
west

8. full
towards
colder than
The Earth’s revolution on a tilted axis causes the seasons.
winter
direct
concentrate
smaller

9. The moon can be in the sky at any time of day.
waning
after
1st quarter

10. summer lowest increase decreases new lunar
during new and full moons but not every time

11. Since the Earth rotates on an
axis to the East, we see the Sun
move across the sky. This causes the sun to rise in the East and set in the West during the time of day we are spinning into the sunlight. It is nighttime when we spin away from the sunlight and into the darkness. One whole rotation takes 24 hours which is why we have 24 hours in 1 day.

12. spring
We experience seasons on Earth because the Earth
revolves around the Sun on a tilted axis. This causes us to receive the sun’s energy differently at each point in the revolution.
fall
winter
summer
summer
winter
fall
spring

13. In June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun
In June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun. This causes the angle of the sun to be very high. A higher sun angle makes the surface receive direct sun rays. The higher angle also increase the amount of time we spin into the sunlight making us have more daylight hours in the summer. Both of these factors cause us to experience warmer temperatures in the summer.
In June, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away the Sun. This causes the angle of the sun to be very low which in turn makes the surface receive indirect sun rays. The lower angle also decrease the amount of time we spin into the sunlight making us have shorter daylight hours in the winter. Both of these factors cause them to experience colder temperatures in the winter.

14. High tides and low tides are caused by the moon
High tides and low tides are caused by the moon. The moon's gravitational pull generates something called the tidal force. The tidal force causes Earth—and its water—to bulge out on the side closest to the moon and the side farthest from the moon.
The Sun, Earth and Moon are aligned during a full Moon and a new Moon. During this alignment, the Sun’s gravitational pull works with the Moon to pull the water even higher causing extreme high tides and extreme low tides.

16. As the moon orbits the Earth, it is always 50% illuminated (lit up) by the Sun. As the moon changes its position in its orbit, the angle it makes with the Earth and the Sun changes. This causes us to see different portions of the illuminated side of the moon.

17. During a lunar eclipse, the Sun, Earth and Moon line up perfectly
During a lunar eclipse, the Sun, Earth and Moon line up perfectly. When this happens, the Earth casts a shadow on the full Moon. This causes the Moon to go dark during a lunar eclipse.
During a solar eclipse, the Sun, Moon and Earth line up perfectly. When this happens, the new Moon blocks the sunlight. Since the Moon is small, it only casts a small shadow on to the surface of the Earth.

18. Pacific Mountain Central Eastern
We see the sun rise and set because Earth
rotates on an axis to the East.
We needed to create time zones because Earth’s rotation causes people to receive sunlight at different times of the day. When traveling by train became popular, it was dangerous and confusing to have local time so the USA standardized time.
Pacific
Mountain
Central
Eastern

20. Earth’s tilted axis (23.5 degrees)
Revolution around the Sun on a tilted axis
8 phases
50 %

21. December June Away Low Short Winter Indirect Towards High Long Direct
Summer
June
Towards
High
Long
Summer
Direct
Away
Low
Short
Winter
Indirect

22. Jan th
A full lunar cycle takes 29 days to complete. Therefore, it would take half as long to make it halfway through the cycle. Half of 29 days is 14.5 days.