1. Chapter 4
Cultures of the World

2. Section 1
What is Culture?

3. Culture Culture Cultural traits
A way of life for people who share similar beliefs and customs
Cultural traits
A characteristic of people, such as language, skills, customs; that are passed down from generation to generation

4. Cultural Elements What you can see What you can’t see Houses
Television, Food, Clothing
Sports, entertainment, literature
What you can’t see
Spiritual beliefs
Government
Ideas about right and wrong
Language

5. People and the land Technology Cultural Landscape
Tools and the skills that people need to use them. Science, computers, industry.
Cultural Landscape
How the land has been changed by humans, reflects on their culture.

6. Development of Culture
Cultures develop over a long period of time
Early cultures: 4 stages
1-invention of tools
2-discovery of fire
3-growth of agriculture
4-use of writing

7. Agriculture
Agriculture
Farming
Growing crops and raising livestock

8. Social Groups, Language, and Religion
Section 2
Social Groups, Language, and Religion

9. Organizing a Society Social structure
A way of organizing people into smaller groups
The family is the most important social unit of any culture.

10. Kinds of Families Nuclear family Extended family
A family unit which includes a mother, father, and their children
Extended family
A family unit that may include parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins often living with or near each other

11. Culture 3 important features of a culture 1- Social Organization
A persons rank or status
2- Language
Every culture is based on language
Language reflects things that are important to people
3- Religion
Provides comfort and hope for people during difficult times
Guides people in ethics
Standards of accepted behavior

12. Economic and Political Systems
Section 3
Economic and Political Systems

13. Economic Systems Economy
Is a system for producing, distributing and consuming goods and services

14. Economy Producers Goods Services A person that makes the products
Owners and workers
Produces goods
Goods
Products that are made to be sold
Cars, computers, paper, food
Services
Work done or duties performed for other people

15. Economy
Consumers
People that buy and use the goods and services

16. 3 Economies Capitalism Privately owned businesses
Consumer is important
Free-market Economy
U.S., Japan

17. 3 Economies Socialism Government owns most businesses
Businesses for the good of society, not profit
Uses profits to pay for healthcare and education
Some businesses follow capitalism
Spain, Portugal, Italy
Canada has hints of socialism

18. 3 Economies Communism Government owns all aspects of business
For the good of the people
Controls all aspects of citizens lives:
Prices of goods and services
What is produced
Workers salary
China, Cuba, North Korea

19. Political Systems Government
The system that sets up and enforces a society’s laws and institutions
Direct Democracy
Everyone participated in decisions
Smaller groups:chiefs, elders
Monarchy
King or Queen rule the government
Sweden, Denmark, Spain
Representative Democracy
Representatives elected by the people to make decisions for them
U.S., Canada, Isreal
Dictatorship
When one person has almost complete power over a country
Fidel Castro, Saddam Hussein, Josef Stalin, Adolf Hitler

20. Section 4
Cultural Change

21. Changing Cultures Environment Weather Ideas Recycle Technology
Tools, seeds, computers, internet

22. Sharing Ideas Cultural diffusion Acculturation
The movement of customs and ideas from one culture to another.
Acculturation
The process of accepting, borrowing, and exchanging ideas and traits among cultures.