1. Child Development 1 (Wk 2)
Chapter 1/ Sec. 2 (Theories)

2. A theory - an orderly, integrated set of statements that are cohesive; the statements describe, explain, and predict human behavior.
Helps us understand, describe, respond & predict…

3. The Classic Theories Psychodynamic Theories: i. Sigmund Freud
ii. Erik Erikson
Constructivist Theories:
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky

4. Recent Theories
Systems Theories:
Urie Bronfenbrenner

5. Category: Classic Theory Sub-Category: Psychodynamic Theory Theorist: Erik Erikson ( ) Name of theory: Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

6. Trust vs. Mistrust:
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt:
Initiative vs. Guilt:
Industry vs. Inferiority:
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence):
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early Adulthood):
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood):
Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Later Adulthood):

7. Category: Classic Theory Sub-Category: Constructivist Theory Theorist: Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) Name of theory: Piaget’s Cognitive (Constructivist) Theory

8. Stages (refer to Table 1.3, p. 24)
Sensorimotor
Pre-Operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
We will go into detail about the characteristics of each stage, as the semester continues; this is just a preview

9. Terms
Schemes- any action pattern (cognitive structure) for dealing with the environment.
Assimilation- new information into our existing schemes.
 Accommodation- when information does not fit into existing scheme; one changes a scheme to adapt to the new information, which may involve creating a new scheme.

10. Category: Classic Theory Sub-Category: Constructivist Theory Theorist: Lev Vygotsky ( ) Name of theory: Social Constructivist Theory
A Russian Psychologist
“Sociocultural theory” of development:
Social:
Cultural:

11. Humans have a biological need & capacity for tool use and production.
“Physical tools” = master the environment; “psychological tools” = master behavior.
Psychological tools Includes…

12. Terms: “ZPD” & Scaffolding
Zone of Proximal Development
A teaching style which includes…

13. Category: Recent Theory Sub-Category: Systems Theory Theorist: Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ( ) Name of theory: Ecological Systems Theory

14. Interactions in the child’s immediate environment (daily lives).
Microsystem
Interactions in the child’s immediate environment (daily lives).

15. Mesosystem Exosystem Interactions among various microsystems.
Social settings that have an indirect influence on the child...

16. Macrosystem-culture (subculture) values, laws, customs, & economics & government systems.
Chronosystem –is not a level, but refers to a dimension of “time”…one’s personal history