1. RNA, Transcription, and Translation

2. RNA: Ribonucleic acid Builds proteins Single strand
Acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes
A, G, C, U (uracil instead of thymine)
Contains ribose (5-carbon sugar)

3. Three Types of RNA: mRNA—Messenger RNA rRNA—Ribosomal RNA
tRNA—Transfer RNA

4. Roles of RNA in Protein Synthesis:
mRNA—messenger RNA is used to bring genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
tRNA—transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes where the amino acids join together to form proteins.
rRNA—ribosomal RNA are RNA molecules that are part of the structure of ribosomes.

5. Transcription and Translation
Transcription: copying part of a sequence of DNA onto a complementary strand of RNA.
Translation: Decoding the message delivered from the nucleus to the ribosome to create a protein.

6. Transcription
The code that determines what proteins are to be made is located in the DNA in the nucleus.
The ribosomes that make the proteins are located in the cytoplasm of the cell.
The DNA cannot leave the nucleus, so a helper (mRNA) is necessary to get the code from the nucleus to the ribosome.

7. Transcription
Using base pairing rules, one strand of the DNA is used as a template to create a strand of RNA.
That strand of messenger RNA then leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

8. Translation
The nitrogenous bases that make up the strands of DNA and mRNA are the code telling what protein is to be made.
When the code reaches the ribosome, it must be translated to form a protein.
The code is read in 3-letter segments called codons.

9. Translation
The strand of mRNA enters the ribosome (rRNA) in the cytoplasm, and the tRNA reads the code/codon and brings in the appropriate amino acid. The tRNA molecules have three nitrogenous bases called an anticodon that match up to the codon located on the mRNA.
The amino acids link together to form the specific protein.