1. Pump-Up
Why does WWI begin?

2. World War I Begins

3. Today’s Vocabulary Archduke Franz Ferdinand Central Powers
WWI begins b/c of his assassination.
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and the U.S.

4. Today’s Vocabulary “No Man’s Land” Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Territory between the trenches.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Germany’s tactic of using submarines to fire on any enemy ship at any time.
Zimmermann Telegram
Germany’s request for Mexico to start a war in the Western Hemisphere to keep the U.S. out of WWI.

5. Causes of WWI Militarism Alliances
Nations began to build up their military in order to defend themselves and their colonies.
Alliances
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
Triple Entente
Great Britain, France, and Russia.

6. Causes Continued Imperialism Nationalism
Colonies provided new markets and rich natural resources.
Nationalism
Led to the formation of new nations.
Germany and Italy
Created countries with different ethnics groups.
Balkans

8. Shot that Started the War
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Gavrilo Princip
The Black Hand
Wanted to free his home country, Bosnia, from Austro-Hungarian rule.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
Assassinated June 28, 1914.
Gavrilo Princip

9. War Breaks Out July 28- Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
Aug. 1- Germany declared war on Russia.
Aug. 3- Germany declared war on France.
Aug. 4- German troops enter neutral country of Belgium.
Great Britain declared war on Germany.

10. Alliances Realign Central Powers Allied Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy (1915) and eventually the U.S.

11. Early Battles Schlieffen Plan
Germany’s plan to launch a surprise invasion of France by passing through Belgium and then later attack Russia.
Germany got within 30 miles of Paris when Russia invaded Germany.
Germany forced to fight a two front war.
Battle of the Marne
Stopped the German advance.

12. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land” Barbed wire
Area in between the two sides trenches.
Barbed wire
Used to stop advancing troops.
Trench warfare created a stalemate.

13. Chemical Warfare Mustard Gas Chlorine Gas Gas masks
Intense itching and skin irritation.
Large blisters filled with yellow fluid.
Remained in soil weeks after releasing.
Chlorine Gas
Destroyed the respiratory system.
Led to a slow death.
Gas masks

14. Tanks
Could maneuver through “No Man’s Land.”
Crushed barbed wire.

15. Airplanes 1st used as scouts.
Later machine guns were attached.
Life expectancy of a pilot was about 2 weeks.
No parachutes.
Zeppelins (blimps)

16. Flamethrowers Could fire as far as 60 feet. Short life expectancy.
Useful when used at short-range.
Short life expectancy.

17. U.S. Stays Neutral
The U.S. remained in isolation during the beginning of WWI.
Most Americans favored the Allies.
British blockaded German ports and searched for contraband.
Germans responded by creating U-Boats.
Submarines
Unrestricted submarine warfare

18. Lusitania Sank in 15 minutes. 128 Americans died. Outraged Americans.
Sussex Pledge
America demanded that Germany quit submarine warfare or go to war with the U.S.
Germany agreed that it would no longer sink ships without warning.

19. Election of 1916 Democrat- Woodrow Wilson*
“He kept us out of war.”
Republican- Charles Evans Hughes

20. STOP
Woodrow Wilson promises to keep America out of WWI. Is he able to keep his promise? Why not?
It’s time for you to find the answer yourself!!
Read the following 2 documents and answer the questions that go along with it.

21. Zimmermann Telegram
Mexico would regain territory lost in the Mexican-American War if they agreed to start a war with America to keep them out of Europe during WWI.

22. U.S. Declares War
The Bolshevik Revolution forces Czar Nicholas II to give up his power.
Valdimir Lenin takes Russia out of WWI.
Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.
Sinks 6 American ships within a month.
“The world must be made safe for democracy.”
April 6, 1917, America declares war.

23. Reflection
Explain why WWI begins and how WWI became a stalemate.