1. Geothermal Energy We Want to Sustain This: A Livable Planet A Presentation by the Environmental Science 102 Class Presenters: Colin Evans, Mark Gardner, Claire Petersen, Sharon Vitello

2. Current Heating System The Boilers

3. (The Broken One) The Other Boiler

4. The Back-up Boiler ($9000/month since December)

8. Amount of Fuel (2008-2009) Number 6 Fuel Oil: 244,000 gallons/year Number 2 Fuel Oil: 32,250 gallons/year Propane: 15,200 gallons/year

9. Costs ($) #6 F.O. at $1.24 gallon $302,560/year #2 F.O. at $1.95 gallon $62,900/year Propane at $2.68 gallon $40,800/year

10. Cost, cont. Total $406,000 a year Over the next ten years (without inflation) $4,060,000

11. Costs (non-monetary) Heating oil emits 22 pounds of CO 2 per gallon – 276,250 gal X 22 lbs (earth lab) 6.2 million pounds of CO 2 /year Propane emits 13 pounds of CO 2 per gallon= 1.9 million pounds of CO 2 /year To Offset? – We would need 623,076 trees to offset that much carbon dioxide (treefolks.org)

12. Alternative: The Possibility of Geothermal Energy

13. 13 Basic Concepts Like a cave- cool in summer, warm in winter. Geothermal pump systems couple the buildings HVAC system to the earth Geothermal heat pump systems eliminate the need for boilers, cooling towers, and oil The ground provides a nearly constant temperature source (50 degrees F) for efficient heating and can also serve as a sink for cooling

14. 14 The System Works best in buildings with similar energy loads: heating demand close to cooling Flexible- Can heat or cool multiple areas simultaneously Offices, schools and dorms particularly wells suited – High occupancy, fluctuating usage schedules and varying needs

15. 15 The System Summer- Warm water is pumped into the earth, cooled, and then returned. Winter- Cold water is pumped into the earth, warmed, then sent back.

16. The Science Acts like a big refrigerator – Evaporator- condenser – Refrigerant is compressed becomes hotter. – Much more efficient. – 30% cost savings over natural gas – 50-60% cost savings over oil – Uses electricity – NYSEG electricity produces a 49% reduction in CO 2 emissions when coming from the grid – Possible to run system off of on-site renewables, wind or solar-geothermal 16

17. How this can benefit Wells College Low Operating Costs 30-70% reduction in energy cost No On-site Combustion Simplicity Low Maintenance Pumps and filters Polyethylene tubing Reduced Emissions Apx. 3-7 year pay back Durable system – 25-50 year warranty

18. 18 Grant Opportunities

19. NYSERDA New York State Energy Research and Development Authority RPS- Renewable Portfolio Standard- 25% by 2013 from 19.3% (2004 levels) – Grants and incentives offered to offset costs

20. NYSERDA Grants 1. Green and Energy-Efficient Building Products and Systems (PON 1266) – Up to $300,000 2. Clean Energy Business Growth & Development (PON 1260) – Up to $200,000 3. **New Construction Program (PON 1222)** – Amount not specified 4. Existing Facilities Program (PON 1219) – Larger project incentives not specified 5. **Technical Assistance Program** – Up to $500,000 in aid for a 5-year study

21. Other Grant Opportunities Department of Energy New York Power Authority (NYPA) EPA, NCEI, & OPEI – $750,000

22. NYSERDA Success Stories New Construction Program – New Construction Program Success StoriesNew Construction Program Success Stories – Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 9 building dorm complex $235,000 from NYSERDA Pay-back time of 2.8 years 171 tons of emissions reduced annually – Frito Lay, Henrietta, NY $185,000 for energy efficiency & get LEED certification Energy cost budget 50% – North Syracuse School District $185,000 for improvements at Middle School & 2 Elementary Schools $154,000 retrofit 98 buses

23. NYSERDA Success Stories Technical Assistance Program – Success Stories Success Stories – Protective Industries. Inc, (Buffalo, NY) 1: New cooling tower on production floor – Cost: $227,00, Incentive: $85,000 2: Replace existing HVAC systems – Cost: $177,000, Incentive: $88,000 3: New design for molding machines – Incentive: $250,000 Annual Savings: $179,000 Total Incentive: $423,000

24. D.O.E. Success Stories Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN – 77,000-square-foot Ezell Center academic building. – closed-loop system- 144 wells, 300 feet deep – heat and cool – Total Cost: $950,000 – Grant Received from D.O.E.: $500,000 (http://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/climateedu/articleView.cfm?iArticleID=37)

25. Other institutions are doing it too! Richard Stockton College, Pomona, N.J. – 440,000 sq.ft. of classrooms, offices, labs – Cost: $4.1 million, most of which was covered by utility rebates and state grants – $400,000 annual fuel and maintenance savings – 25% reduction in electricity – 70% reduction in natural gas – return on investment: 4.6 to 7.5 years – 17% reduction in campus greenhouse gas emissions (http://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/climateedu/articleView.cfm?iArticleID=37)

26. Other institutions are doing it too! Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y. – 21,000 sq.ft. dormitory – Cost: $80,000 – N.Y.S. Grant: $48,000 – $11,000 annual savings – 3 year return on investment (http://www.nwf.org/campusEcology/climateedu/articleView.cfm?iArticleID=37)

27. Earth Sensitive Solutions: John Manning – Cayuga Community College – Bard College – Empire State College – Adirondack Community College – Amherst College – Ithaca College – Dutchess Community College – Willink Middle School in Webster – Adelphi University – LeMoyne College – Hamilton College – Cayuga Onondaga BOCES – Broome Tioga BOCES – Wayne Fingerlakes BOCES – Newark Valley Central Schools – Millbrook School – Auburn City Hall – Auburn Police & Fire Stations

28. Cost Estimates for Wells Most Buildings in Need of Retrofitting: $20- 25/sq.ft. – $20/sq.ft., all of campus: $10 million VERY rough estimate, need an evaluation of campus Grants not included yet May not have to switch all buildings to geothermal right away

29. Comparison payback time: variable CO 2 emissions: 3.6 million pounds/year – (possible to generate electricity with on-site renewables Grant Opportunities: $300,000+ Fuel Cost: electricity Cooling in all buildings Warranty: 50 years Flexibility! – Can fluctuate with demand Renewable Initial Cost: estimate of $20/sq. foot= $11.3 million Also heats hot water Waste heat is captured payback time: never CO 2 emissions: 8.1 million pounds/year Grant Opportunities: None Fuel Cost: $400,000+/year No cooling Warranty: 35 years Inflexible Cannot fluctuate Non-renewable Initial Cost: well into the seven- figure range Waste heat is wasted Geothermal Oil Burner

30. Conclusion Sustainability – Free Energy – Inexhaustible – Possibility to be carbon-free – Cost-efficient – Clean

31. To Sum it Up 31 In 1993, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency declared that geothermal heat pumps were "the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space conditioning systems available." The systems are generally 48 percent more efficient than gas-fired heating systems and 75 percent more efficient than oil-fired systems.