1. Digestive
System

2. What to think about….. What is the digestive system?
Why do we need it (what’s its function)?
How does it work?
What are the different parts and their functions?

3. Of all the things we do, what requires energy?
Everything
In order to obtain energy we need
FUEL
How do we get this fuel?
We Eat

4. What does food provide besides just energy?
RAW MATERIALS- we need to grow, repair tissues, and make new body cells.
But before our bodies can use food it must be
broken down

5. Process of breaking down food is known as Digestion. Why??
Because food must be broken into smaller pieces that can fit inside a cell.
The small pieces of food that contains the chemicals the body need to stay healthy are called
Nutrients

6. The main nutrients that we need from food include:
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Fiber

7. Where is most protein found?
Proteins
Where is most protein found?
                
Meat
Dairy
Proteins are the main structure of cells and tissues. It is usually used for repair and replacement of body cells.

8. Where are most carbohydrates found?
Pasta, Rice, Bread, Fruits, etc.
                                 
Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy.

9. 2 kinds of Carbs
Simple Carbohydrates- these carbs are your basic sugars that your body can turn into energy very quickly.
Complex Carbohydrates- these carbs include potatoes and foods made from grains. Requires the body break them down first. Also called starches.

10. Where are most fats found?
Dairy, oil, butter, meats, and especially fast foods.
Fat is a way that the human body stores energy. Too much can be unhealthy though.

11. 2 Types of Fat
The fat that is a liquid at room temperature and is found in vegetable oils and seeds is known as
unsaturated fat
Fats that are solid at room temperature and are considered not good for you are called
saturated fats

12. The nutrients needed in small quantities in order to regulate body functions and prevent disease are called
Vitamins
Another substance needed by the body helps chemical reactions, builds cells, sends nerve impulses, and carries oxygen are
minerals

14. Main parts of the Digestive System
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large Intestine
Together these make a tube called the
Digestive tract or
Alimentary Cana;

15. About how long is the digestive tract?
30ft
Other organs attached to the digestive tract are called
and they include the following:
Accessory organs
pancreas
Liver
Gall Bladder

17. This is the opening to the digestive system.
Mouth
This is the opening to the digestive system.
What are 2 of the parts of the mouth that aid in digestion?
Salivary
Glands
TEETH

18. 2 kinds of Digestion Processes
Mechanical
The physical breakdown of food into smaller parts by cutting and tearing it.
What part of the mouth does this?
TEETH

19. which begins in your mouth when food combines with a liquid called
Another kind of digestion where the molecules of food are broken down into even smaller molecules is called
Chemical Digestion
which begins in your mouth when food combines with a liquid called
saliva

21. When food is swallowed, where does it go?
to the
esophagus
What is the esophagus?
A tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

22. How does food make its way through the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
What is peristalsis?
Waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system.

23. 1. What are the chemicals your body needs to be healthy?
A. peristalsis
B. nutrients
C. organs
D. saliva

24. 2. Which of the following is a liquid at room temperature?
A. Proteins
B. Saturated fats
C. Unsaturated fats
D. Vitamins

25. 3. What connects the mouth to the stomach?
A. peristalsis
B. pancreas
C. esophagus
D. protein

26. 4. Which of the following is not a nutrient?
A. saliva
B. protein
C. fat
D. carbohydrates

27. A. Carbohydrate B. Peristalsis C. Mechanical D. Chemical
5. The type of digestion that breaks down food into smaller molecules is
A. Carbohydrate
B. Peristalsis
C. Mechanical
D. Chemical

28. 6. Which part of the mouth is responsible for mechanical digestion?
A. lips
B. tongue
C. saliva
D. teeth

29. A. Simple B. Complex C. Double D. Single
7. What do we call the kind of carbohydrate that is easy to get energy from, like sugar?
A. Simple
B. Complex
C. Double
D. Single

30. 8. Which of the following is not connected to the digestive tract?
A. gall bladder
B. liver
C. pancreas
D. ureter

31. 9. Which of the following is a good source of protein?
A. bread
B. rice
C. meat
D. potatoes

32. 10. How does food makes it way through the digestive tract?
A. esophagus
B. peristalsis
C. mechanical
D. complex

33. Digestive System
Part II

34. STOMACH MUSCLES:   Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique

35. Stomach Regions Cardiac Fundic Body (greater and lesser curvature)
Pyloric

36. Stomach Lining Gastric Juices contain acids that break down food
 Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself
Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve
Rugae - folds within stomach
Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices

37. How does mechanical digestion occur in the stomach?
squeezing
How does chemical digestion occur?
The stomach produces gastric acid that helps breakdown food.

38. What is gastric juice made of?
Hydrochloric
Acid
Enzymes
This what helps in the chemical digestion of food in the stomach.

39. A layer of mucus provides protection from acid for the stomach.
HCL is very strong acid. Why does it not harm the tissue of the stomach?
Mucus
A layer of mucus provides protection from acid for the stomach.

40. What’s it called if the acid gets through the layer of mucus and damages the inside of the stomach?
Ulcer

41. As the food leaves the stomach, it has a new name called
Chyme
Chyme is a thin watery product that moves slowly out of the stomach and into the
small intestine

43. As food enters the small intestine, breaks down the fats and oils in the food.
bile
Bile is a greenish liquid that acts like soap or detergent in how it can break apart fats and oils. This liquid is made by the
and stored in the
liver
gall bladder

44. Like the liver and gall bladder the is also connected to the small intestine.
pancreas
The pancreas also secretes chemicals that aid in digestion of food (chyme).

45. People who’s pancreas does not produce insulin have a disorder called
The pancreas produces enzymes to help digestion. It also produces a hormone called
insulin
Insulin allows for the absorption of glucose by the body’s cells. Without it, the cells can’t absorb their food.
People who’s pancreas does not produce insulin have a disorder called
diabetes

47. Small Intestine Starts at the pyloric sphincter 1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum
Starts at the pyloric sphincter
1.  Duodenum
2.  Jejunum
3.  Ileum
*Mesentery 
Membrane holds it together,  contains blood vessels

48. circulatory system
The is responsible for getting the nutrients from the small intestine out to the rest of the body.
But first the molecules of food have to get from the Small Intestine into the blood.

49. The inside of the Small Intestine there are small fingerlike projections called
Villi
The villi have capillaries running through them that can absorb the nutrients from the chyme.

50. Does the body use all the food it eats?

51. Some foods like cannot be digested.
cellulose
Cellulose is a kind of carbohydrate found in fruits and vegetables (plants). Often referred to as fiber.
Fiber helps keep the digestive system running smoothly.

52. The part of the food (chyme) not used in the small intestine travels to the
Large
Intestine

53. Large Intestine Cecum Appendix Colon (4 parts) Rectum Anus Cecum
Cecum 
Appendix
Colon (4 parts)
Cecum
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
Rectum
Anus

54. There is a small organ attached to the large intestine called the
appendix
The appendix essentially has no function but can become infected and must be removed.

55. As the food moves through the large intestine is absorbed.
water
As the water is extracted from the Large Intestine the waste product become more
solid
This waste product is referred to as
feces

56. Where does the feces collect before removal from the body?
rectum
When enough is collected the brain is signaled for elimination.

57. Many bacteria live inside the digestive tract
Many bacteria live inside the digestive tract. Some help us digest food and other help produce
vitamins

58. A. Chyme B. Bile C. Insulin D. Cellulose
1. What is the food in the digestive tract called when the stomach passes it to the Small intestine?
A. Chyme
B. Bile
C. Insulin
D. Cellulose

59. A. Chyme B. Hydrochloric Acid C. Feces D. Bile
2. What is the greenish fluid excreted by the gall bladder that breaks down fats?
A. Chyme
B. Hydrochloric Acid
C. Feces
D. Bile

60. 3. Where is water removed from the chyme?
A. Pancreas
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine

61. A. Chyme B. Enzyme C. Insulin D. Hydrochloric Acid
4. What is the hormone that is responsible for absorption of glucose and lack of it causes diabetes?
A. Chyme
B. Enzyme
C. Insulin
D. Hydrochloric Acid

62. A. Chyme B. Pancreas C. Villi D. Cellulose
5. What are the finger like projections in the SI where nutrtients are absorbed by capillaries?
A. Chyme
B. Pancreas
C. Villi
D. Cellulose

63. A. Pancreas B. Liver C. Stomach D. Small intestine
6. What organ makes bile?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Small intestine

64. 7. What is it in the stomach that helps break down food?
A. Chyme
B. Gastric Juices
C. Insulin
D. Bile

65. A. Bile B. Chyme C. Villi D. Cellulose
8. What is it that cannot be broken down and used for nutrients in the digestive system?
A. Bile
B. Chyme
C. Villi
D. Cellulose

66. 9. What happens when the stomach lining fails to protect the stomach?
A. Ulcer
B. Diabetes
C. Cellulose
D. Bile

67. B. Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus, S Intestine, L Intestine
10.What’s the correct order that food travels through the digestive tract?
A. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, L Intestine , S Intestine
B. Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus, S Intestine, L Intestine
C. Mouth, esophagus, S intestine, Stomach, L Intestine
D. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, S Intestine , L Intestine