1. The Timber Trade in the 1800s

2. Timber After 1812, England wanted more timber from Canada.
Timber = wood / trees
Even after the war of 1812 England continued to order timber from Canada
This made the timber trade / industry grow within Canada

3. Timber The timber trade had lots of effects on Canada
Timber became the most exported natural resource  less and less attention was given to the fur trade
People invested ($$$) lots of money in the timber trade  new companies, banks, etc.
New places to work and new jobs!
Sawmills, lumber yards, etc.
Lumberjacks, raftsmen, etc.
More jobs  more people moved to Canada to work

4. Exported wood from the port of Quebec City to England

5. Logging Logging means cutting down trees and moving the trees
Most of the time, logging happened in the winter
It was easier to cut trees down when the sap was not moving in the trees
Snow on the ground made it easy to drag the tress

6. Logging
In the late fall or early winter, men would set up a camp in an area where there were enough trees to cut
They would clear pathways to move the cut trees
They would make sure supplies could be delivered as well
The men spent several months in the camps

9. Logging Lots of men who were in good shape were needed for logging
The men used timber axes to cut the trees down and the shape the trees into squares
The men also used cross-cut saws to cut trees down

12. Logging Usually, the cut tress were ‘squared’
This means turning the round tree into a square shape
Oxen, horses and eventually trains were used to move the cut trees

16. Logging
Trees were put into a river or stream to be moved from the logging camp to other places
Trees were put into the water in spring
The water was free from ice
The men used the river to move the trees.

17. Logging Most of the time the tress were tied together
This was called a ‘raft’
Mean would stay on the raft until it got to its destination
Usually, the cut trees were put onto boats and sent to England

23. The Timber Trade 2 The timber trade used technology in different ways
The timber trade used technology in different ways
Sawmills, canals and railways were the most important
Sawmills cut the large logs quicker that cutting them by hand
Canals are man made ‘rivers’ to help move the logs quicker
Railways could move timber and other goods quicker than water and could connect cities
Banks were also important  they helped pay for sawmills, canals and railways

24. Sawmills Sawmills were built next to water way with fast currents
They used the current to move a blade that would cut the logs into squares or into boards.
There were very small sawmills that would cut logs for towns close by
There were also large sawmills that would cut lots of logs to ship elsewhere
Men would place logs in a harness and the waterpower would move the blade to cut the logs

28. Canals Canals are man made rivers
They are used for the timber trade and for boats to travel into the continent
Canals connect to natural rivers and lakes
Canals were needed to make shipping faster
This made the economy stronger
The first canals were close to Ottawa
The Rideau Canal is still in Ottawa today.
It is used mainly for recreational (fun) purposes.

40. Banks
Some of the first ‘established’ banks in Canada were started in Montreal
The Bank of Montreal started in 1817
Banks were ways for people to borrow money to start sawmills or build railways

45. CANAUX ET BANQUES CONCLUSION 1791 – 1840 au Bas-Canada:
Importance: fourrure  bois.
Stagnation ( ) agricole
Développement des transports (canaux) et des banques.