1. England Limits Powers of Monarch
5.5
England Limits Powers of Monarch

2. Monarchs vs. Parliament
James I (Elizabeth’s cousin) named king – also king of Scotland
Elizabeth leaves many financial problems for James
Charles I (James’ son) inherits throne
Charles needs money for war – Parliament refuses
Charles dissolves Parliament – so what?
Parliament has no power to pass laws

3. Petition of Right
Charles needs more money, so he has to call Parliament into session (Parliament controls the treasury)
Parliament refuses to grant money until Charles signs Petition of Right
Petition of Right – Charles would NOT
Imprison people w/o due cause
Levy taxes w/o Parliament consent
House soldiers in private homes
Impose martial law during peace

4. Petition of Right
Charles signs petition to get money – but then ignores this
Dissolves Parliament again
What is the message of the petition?
The law was more important than the king
To raise more money, he imposes fines and fees on citizens

5. English Civil War
Charles upsets Puritans by upholding rituals of Anglican Church
Parliament passes laws to limit Charles’ power – Charles arrests Parliament leaders – Leaders escape
Supporters of Charles = Royalists or Cavaliers
Supporters of Parliament = Roundheads

6. Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell – Puritan general who turns tide of war
Charles captured & brought to trial
Found guilty & beheaded
Public execution first of its kind
Cromwell now leads England – establishes republican form of government
Wants to reform society

7. The Restoration Abolishes sports, theater, dancing
Favored religious toleration – except Catholics
Cromwell dies – England sick of military rule
Charles II (son of Charles I) chosen by Parliament to rule England – restoration of monarchy
Parliament passes habeas corpus
Prisoners have right to go before a judge to hear charges
Cannot be held indefinitely

8. The Glorious Revolution
Charles II has no heir – Parliament chooses James II as king (Charles’ brother)
James is Catholic – appoints Catholics to high office – against law
Parliament protests – James dissolves Parliament
James gives birth to a son – England worried about another Catholic reign

9. The Glorious Revolution
James’ oldest daughter Mary = Protestant
Mary is wife of William of Orange, Prince of Netherlands
Parliament invites William & Mary to become king and queen in the name of Protestantism
James flees to France – no blood spilled – called the Glorious Revolution

10. Limiting Power William and Mary want to work with Parliament
Constitutional monarcy formed
Bill of Rights passed – monarch cannot:
Suspend laws of Parliament
Levy taxes w/o Parliament approval
Limit freedom of speech in Parliament
Penalize citizen who complains

11. Limiting Power Parliament rules w/consent of monarch
Monarch rules w/consent of Parliament
If disagree government = standstill
Cabinet formed
Government officials who rule when government is at a standstill
Leader of majority party in cabinet = Prime Minister