1. The Colonies Come of Age
Chapter 3
The Colonies Come of Age

2. 1 3.1 England and Its Colonies
theory of mercantilism, a country’s ultimate goal was self-sufficiency and that all countries were in a competition to acquire the most gold and silver.
Trade was one of the reasons for England founding the American colonies.
Colonies supplied the mother country with materials it did not have. Purpose was to make money for the mother country.

3. 2 Export more than you import. (favorable balance of trade)
Navigation Acts- Restricted colonial trade. Made trade unfavorable for the colonies.
Massachusetts did not cooperate. Made a royal colony.

4. Mercantilism and Navigation Acts

5. 3 Dominion of New England
James II becomes king of England. He is Catholic and wants to make England Catholic again. Takes over more control of English policies.
Combines the New England colonies into one. Eventually, also adds the middle colonies as well. (D of NE.)
Sir Edmund Andros is made royal governor. Most colonists did not like him. He was power hungry.

6. Dominion of New England

7. Dominion of New England

8. Glorious Revolution
Parliament asks James’s protestant daughter, Mary and her husband William, to overthrow James. William and Mary agreed to do so and support a bill of rights.
The D of NE was disbanded and for a while, each colony ran itself.
Parliament passes the English Bill of Rights. Limits the power of the monarchy and protects rights of the people.

9. https://youtu.be/2909lE3OL1A

10. 5
Salutary neglect meant that England relaxed its enforcement of most regulations in return for the continued economic loyalty of the colonies. As long as raw materials continued flowing into the homeland and the colonists continued to buy English-produced goods, Parliament did not supervise the colonies closely.
Planted the seeds of self government.

11. 3.2 The Agricultural South

12. 6 The Colonial Economy Southern colonies
Most important was agriculture
Many farms grew cash crops: tobacco,
rice, and indigo.
Most labor done by slaves.

13. 7
As the indentured servant population fell, the price of indentured servants rose. As a result, the English colonists turned to African slaves as an alternative. A slave worked for life and thus brought a much larger return on the investment.

14. Triangular Trade

15. The Middle Passage

16. Slave Resistance
Throughout the colonies, planters reported slaves faking illness, breaking tools, and staging work slowdowns.
Stono Rebellion, began on a September Sunday in Slaves killed several planter families. Despite the rebellion’s failure, it sent a chill through many Southern colonists and led to the tightening of harsh slave laws already in place. However, slave rebellions continued into the 1800s.

17. Stono Rebellion

18. 3.3 The Commercial North

19. 9 New England colonies Farming was done for survival.
short growing season
rocky soil
very few slaves
Trade was vital to the region.
ship building and fishing became the two
biggest industries.
needed skilled workers.

20. 10 SLAVERY IN THE NORTH
did not require as much labor as raising tobacco or rice, Northerners had less incentive to turn to slavery
Still saw slaves as property. “Less than human.”

21. American colonies

22. THE ENLIGHTENMENT
philosophers in Europe had been using reason and the scientific method to obtain knowledge. Scientists looked beyond religious doctrine to investigate how the world worked.
had a profound effect on political thought in the colonies. Colonial leaders such as Thomas Jefferson used reason to conclude that individuals have natural rights, which governments must respect.

23. Newton

24. American Enlightenment

25. Galileo

26. Colonial Scientists
Benjamin Banneker- African American scientist that predicted a solar eclipse. Also, was the first colonist to build a clock, even though he had never seen one before. He did all this with just a couple years of education.

28. Ben Franklin Published Poor Richard’s Almanac. Discovered electricity.
Will become one of our founding fathers.

30. 12 The Great Awakening Religious movement from the 1730s – 1740s.
Urged people to seek forgiveness for sins or face bad punishment.
All people were born with sin and could only be saved by the will of God.
Everyone could be saved, rich and poor.
abandon their Puritan and Anglican congregations and form other churches.

33. The Middle Colonies
A combination of Southern colonies and New England colonies.
Farming
Grew staple crops such as wheat,
barely, and oats.
Livestock as well.
Slavery was important as well.
Trade and free enterprise.
Slaves worked in cities as skilled
laborers.

34. French and Indian War
War between France and Britain over the Ohio River Valley. Bitter European rivals
Started when British Major George Washington attacked a French peace convoy in the woods.
Washington was defeated at Fort Necessity.
First battle of the war.
French allies- Huron and Algonquin
British allies- Iroquois

35. 15 Turning point of the war- British victory at Quebec.
Treaty of Paris of 1763 officially ends the war.
French lose all their land in North America.
Native Americans don’t want colonists moving west, into their land. Proclamation of 1763 meant to stop settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. Angers colonists
Sugar Act passed to stop smuggling and pay for war debt.

38. 16
Virginia’s House of Burgesses, founded at Jamestown, was the first colonial legislature in North America. Two house legislature in which members of the 2nd house were elected by the people.
The center of New England politics was town meetings. Men met one or more times a year to select representatives to make decisions for the town.