1. Do Now
How could the Civil War actually benefit the country economically? 1 2 3 4 5
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

2. Post Civil War Industrialization
Impact of Civil War on the Northern economy
Led to rise of industry/mechanization b/c need for weapons/supplies
rebuild infrastructure
↓ in textiles, ↑ mass production
RR production
Need for labor
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

3. US Industrialization Factors that led to Industrialization
Big Business/ Monopolies
New Immigration
Labor/ Unions
Muckrakers
Progressive Era Reforms
Gilded Age
Populists and the West
BY 1900 U.S. WAS THE #1 MANUFACTURING COUNTRY IN THE WORLD!!!
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

4. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?
Factors of Production
Capital/$$$
Labor
Natural Resources
Plant/Land
Transportation System
Technology
Political Stability
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

5. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

6. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?
Raw Materials
Coal
Iron (steel)
Oil
Lumber
Wheat/Corn/Cotton
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

7. Technological Advances
Bessemer Process
elevator
Light bulb
Telegraph/Telephone
Barbed Wire
Cash register/stock ticker/typewriter
Automobile
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

8. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?
Bessemer Process
Invented by William Kelly in 1851, but Henry Bessemer got patent in 1855
Egyptians used similar process, Europe for a couple hundred years, but never to a large extent
Bessemer’s process reduces cost of steel 10x!!
Turns pig iron into steel
Heat iron, then inject cold air, which takes out the carbon particles and other impurities
Why steel is HUGE improvement over iron
Stronger/lighter/doesn’t rust
Impact of Bessemer Process and steel on US
Used for RR’s
Huge overseas market- ↑↑ GNP by itself
Large scale projects-/ car/buildings/ machines/etc.
Skyscrapers!!!! Look at Manhattan, wouldn’t exist w/out Bessemer process- upward, not outward!!!!
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

9. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

10. Elevator/Skyscrapers
William Sullivan
“form follows function”
“Father of Modernism”
Architect who designed early skyscrapers
Sullivan elevator
Elisha Otis- actually is US inventor but Sullivan uses it in so many of his buildings that he is often credited
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

11. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?
Edison
“Wizard of Menlo Park”
Had invention factory in New Jersey
Hires many inventors and they invent, over 1,000 patents granted to his company
Phonograph
Motion pictures
Light bulb- harnessing of electricity!!!!!
US becomes 24-7
“Great White Way”
Impact on business cannot be understated
Alternative to kerosone lamps
Safer/ more efficient/cleaner/ consistent
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

12. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

13. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?
Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell patents telephone
Impact on US
Communication impact
Shrinks US
↓ trips/national businesses
Efficiency
Women in the workplace!! “Hello Girls”
Generates businesses by itself
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

14. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?
Automobile
Henry Ford
Assembly line
Impact of Car on US we will do it more during 1920’s
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

15. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?
Industrial Giants
Rockefeller- oil
Carnegie- steel
Vanderbilt- RR
JP Morgan- Banks
Swift- Meat
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

16. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?
Labor Force
US immigration policies and birth rate combined to have an almost unlimited supply of labor to fill the needs of industrialization
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

17. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?
US POPULATION
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

18. Transportation of Goods/Services
RR!!!!
ENOUGH SAID!!!
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

19. Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?
Business Models
Adam Smith- “Wealth of Nations”
Capitalist bible
Horizontal Integration (Rockefeller)
strategy where a company creates or acquires production units for outputs which are alike - either complementary or competitive.
Development of monopolies!!!
Vertical Integration (Swift/Carnegie)
arrangement in which the entire supply chain of a product is owned by the one company
Cutting out the middle man!!!
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?

20. New Management Techniques
Business flow chart
CEO’s
“Scientific management”-Frederick Taylor
Accounting
Advertising
Incentives
Specialization of labor
Supervision of labor
Aim: How did the US industrialize after the Civil War?