1. Hominids

3. The Robust Australopithecines

4. Australopithecus aethiopicus
Species:
Australopithecus aethiopicus
Age:
2.5 million years
Date of Discovery:
August 29,1985
Location:
West Turkana, Kenya

6. Australopithecus boisei
Species:
Australopithecus boisei
Age:
1.8 million years
Date of Discovery:
July 17, 1959
Location:
Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

9. Tooth comparison between Robust and Gracile Australopithecines

12. A. Boisei (Robust)
A. Aferensis (Gracile)

13. Gracile Australopithecines

14. Australopithecus afarensis
Species:
Australopithecus afarensis
Age:
million years
Date of Discovery:
1975
Location:
Hadar, Ethiopia

16. Is Lucy the “Missing Link?”
Curved phalangies
(transitional btwn. arboreal and bipedal locomotion
Long upper leg: lower leg
(efficient bipedalism)
Long and inward-angled femurs (efficient bipedalism)
Short lower leg bones

17. But how can we be sure Lucy walked upright if we don’t have her feet?
Okay, we’ve got pelvis, leg and spine…
But how can we be sure Lucy walked upright if we don’t have her feet?

18. Ghosts in the Sand Laetoli, Tanzania 1976 15’’ of volcanic ash
3 hominids
Proof of bipedalism
Date: 3.6mya (K-Ar date)
A. Afarensis (Lucy’s species)

19. Australopithecus africanus
Species:
Australopithecus africanus
Age:
2.5 million years
Date of Discovery:
November 13, 1947
Location:
Sterkfontein, South Africa

21. Species:
Homo habilis
Age:
1.9 million years
Date of Discovery:
1973
Location:
Koobi Fora, Kenya

22. Homo erectus (ergaster)
Species:
Homo erectus (ergaster)
Age:
1.6 million years
Date of Discovery:
August 22,1984
Location:
West Turkana, Kenya

23. Sangiran, Java, Indonesia
Species:
Homo erectus
Age:
million years
Date of Discovery:
1937
Location:
Sangiran, Java, Indonesia

24. Species:
Homo erectus
Age:
thousand years
Date of Discovery:
N/A
Location:
Zhoukoudian, China