1. Human Evolution II

2. Paranthropus aethiopicus
The “Black Skull”
West Turkana, Kenya, 2.5mya
Brain size = 410cc

3. Paranthropus robustus
Swartkrans, South Africa
1mya
Brain size = 500cc

4. Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania 2.1-1.7mya Brain size = 500cc
Paranthropus boisei
OH5
“Zinj”
Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
mya
Brain size = 500cc

5. Homo habilis from South Africa and Olduvai Gorge
Brain = 600cc

6. Homo habilis KNM-ER 1813 Koobi Fora, Kenya, 1.8-1.6mya Brain = 510cc

7. Kenyanthropus platyops and KNM-ER 1470, Homo rudolfensis

8. Dmanisi, Georgia mya

9. Science, 5 July 2002

10. The Nariokotome Boy (“Turkana Boy”) WT15000 1
The Nariokotome Boy (“Turkana Boy”) WT mya Adult brain size would have been 909cc

12. Achievements of H. erectus
Increased body size and more efficient bipedalism.
Embraced culture as a strategy of adaptation.
Brain was reshaped and increased in size to within H. sapiens range.
Efficient scavenger and hunter with greater dependence on meat.
Evolution of the human nose!

13. Homo erectus from Java Brain size 813-1,059cc Sangiran, 1.6mya

14. Homo erectus from Java

15. Zhoukoudian Homo erectus

16. Advantages of Use of Fire
Warmth.
Cooking.
Fire-hardening wood.
Aiding in the production of stone tools.
Chasing predators from caves.
Illuminating caves and extending usable light into the night.
Advantages of Use of Fire