1. DIET FOR CANCER PREVENTION
TOTAL HEALTH PROMOTION INTERVENTION PROGRAM
(PHASE IV)

2. WHAT IS CANCER? Single abnormal cell multiply out of control
form tumors
invade healthy tissue
spreading to other parts of body

3. When normal cells are damaged beyond
repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis (A).
Cancer cells avoid apoptosis and continue to
multiply in an unregulated manner (B).

5. CAUSES OF CANCER Lifestyle Food Air pollution Irradiation
Toxic chemicals
genetic

6. Endometrial cancer (6%)
Male
female
Most common
Cause of death
Prostate cancer (33%)
lung cancer (31%)
Breast cancer (32%)
lung cancer (27%)
lung cancer (13%)
Prostate cancer (10%)
lung cancer (12%)
Breast cancer (15%)
Colorectal cancer (10%)
Colorectal cancer (11%)
Bladder cancer (7%)
Pancreatic cancer (5%)
Endometrial cancer (6%)
Ovarian cancer (6%)

7. CAUSES OF CANCER
80% of all cancers are due to identified factors potentially preventable
30% are due to tobacco use
35-50% of cancers directly linked to dietary choices
It is easy to control these and other risk factors

9. Cancer symptoms
1. Local symptoms:
unusual lumps or swelling (tumor), hemorrhage (bleeding), pain
2. Symptoms of metastasis (spreading):
enlarged lymph nodes, cough, enlarged liver, bone pain, fracture of affected bones and neurological symptoms.
3. Systemic symptoms:
weight loss, poor appetite & wasting, excessive sweating (night sweats), anemia and specific paraneoplastic phenomena

10. CAN CERTAIN FOODS PREVENT CANCER?
LUNG
CANCER
Smoking is mostly responsible
Carotenoids in vegetables and fruits are clinically proven protective against lung cancer

11. CAN CERTAIN FOODS PREVENT CANCER?
Vegetables-soy in particular – may decreased the risk
High fat diet may increased the risk
Lycopene – a potent antioxidant may help lower the risk
PROSTATE
CANCER

12. high level of estrogen during woman’s reproductive life increased the risk of breast cancer
Diets high in mono-unsaturated fat and high in fibers may reduced the risk
Alcohol consumption increases the risk
BREAST
CANCER

13. BOWEL CANCER Up to 70% of cases can be prevented by healthy lifestyle
Physical activity and diet high in vegetables and fiber are protective against this cancer
High red meat intake and alcohol may increase the risk
BOWEL
CANCER

14. Take a break !!

15. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR AN ANTI-CANCER DIET
1. Reduced unhealthy dietary fat
2. Cut down on meat
3. Eat plenty of fiber
4. Limit or eliminate consumption
of alcoholic beverages
5. Remove known carcinogens
from diet
6. Restrict sodium intake

16. 1. REDUCE UNHEALTHY DIETARY FAT
Fat cell can split easily contribute to high population of free radicals
Free radicals damage the cell’s DNA structure mutation can occur lead to formation and growth of cancerous cell
Saturated fat and trans fat are two most damaging fats
Primary source of saturated fat is animal products = meat, seafood, whole-fat milk & milk product, eggs
Trans fat (hydrogenated oils) come from heating vegetables oils (mainly in commercial prepared baked goods, margarines and processed foods)

18. 2. CUT DOWN ON MEAT
High level of fat consumption is related with highest death rates from breast and colon cancer
Limit consumption of meat esp. high fat meat (2-3 servings a day)
Choose white meat (fish and chicken) instead of red meat
Prepare meat by baking, broiling or poaching rather than frying or charbroiling

19. 3. EAT PLENTY OF FIBER
Fiber moves cancer-causing compounds out of the body
Also thought to dilute potential carcinogens and effect hormone production
Recommended grams fiber per day
Fiber only found in plant sources
Eat at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables each day
Vegetables contains cancer fighting substances = antioxidant

20. ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCES
Unstable oxygen molecules called free radicals  attack cell membranes  damage the DNA  beginning of cancer
Antioxidants can neutralize the damaging effect of oxygen
Vitamin B,C, E, beta-carotene and selenium acts as antioxidant
Vegetables, fruits, grains and beans contain antioxidant

21. 4. LIMIT OR ELIMINATE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Higher risk of liver, breast, rectum, mouth, esophagus, digestive tract and lung cancer
Combination of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking has a synergistic effect  more likely to cause cancer

22. FOOD PYRAMID Consume LITTLE Consume in MODERATION (1-2 Servings)
FOOD PYRAMID
Consume LITTLE
Consume in MODERATION (1-2 Servings)
Consume in MODERATION (1-2 Servings)
Consume More (3-5 servings)
Consume MOST (8-12 servings)

23. Consume LITTLE
Eat to meet your needs! HEALTHY TIP Fats and oils contain essential fatty acids and vitamins A, D, E, K.

24. Consume in MODERATION (1-2 servings)
One Serving Equals … 1 glass of milk 1 cup yoghurt 1 slice cheese
HEALTHY TIP Milk is an important part of a child's diet

25. Consume in MODERATION (2-3 servings)
One Serving Equals … 1 medium-sized chicken drumstick 1 medium-sized ikan kembong 2 matchbox-sized lean meat 5 dessert spoon headless ikan bilis Note: One (1) matchbox lean meat = 1 piece tempeh = 1 hard tauhu = 2 dsp peanut butter = ½ cup dried legumes/beans = 4 dsp shelled small prawns
HEALTHY TIP Combining a variety of legumes gives you high quality protein.

26. Consume More (3-5 servings)
One Serving Equals … ½ medium-sized guava 1 small to medium whole orange, pear or apple 1 medium-sized banana 1 slice papaya, pineapple, watermelon
HEALTHY TIP
Take fruits as desserts to end
each meal in a healthier way.
One Serving Equals … ½ cup cooked dark green leafy vegetables with edible stems ½ cup cooked fruit or root vegetables HEALTHY TIP Don’t destroy the vitamins in your vegetables with over-cooking.

27. Consume MOST (8-12 servings)
One Serving Equals … 1 slice of wholemeal bread ½ cup cooked rice ½ cup soaked bihun, mee or pasta ½ side-plate-sized capati 1 cup plain rice porridge ½ cup ready-to-eat breakfast cereal 1 medium-sized potato 3 plain biscuits
HEALTHY TIP Choose wholegrain cereal and cereal products to help meet your fibre needs.

28. Take a break !!

29. Activity 1:
1.Regarding to the Food Pyramid, make a menu for breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner

30. 5. REMOVE KNOWN CARCINOGENS FROM DIET
DID YOU KNOW WHAT IS CARCINOGEN?

31. CARCINOGENS
Cancer causing substances found in food and in method of cooking.
Attact DNA and alter it
It takes years for a noticeable tumor to develop
During this time, compound known as inhibitors can keep the cells from growing
Some vitamins in plant foods are known to be inhibitors.

32. Avoid foods that look or smell moldy Buy organic if possible
Steer clear of smoked foods
Do not cook oils on high heat
TIPS FOR AVOIDING
CARCINOGENS
Beware of cured, dried and preserved meats
Go easy on the barbecue

33. SPECIFIC FOODS HAVE THE MOST PREVENTATIVE EFFECT FOR CANCER
BEANS
rich in fiber
Contain several chemicals that boost immunity to cancer
CRUCIFEROUS VEGE (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower)
ability to stop the growth of cancer cells
Decreased risk for lung, stomach and colorectal cancers
DARK GREEN LEAFY VEGE
High in fiber, folate and antioxidants
Carotenoids effective in inhibiting the formation of breast and skin cancer tumors
GRAPES
high level of polyphenol
Slow the growth of cancer cells
Inhibit the formation of tumors in lymph, liver, stomach and breast cancer

34. kale
collard
broccoli
CRUCIFEROUS VEGE
cauliflower
Bok choy
arugala
watercress

35. SPECIFIC FOODS HAVE THE MOST PREVENTATIVE EFFECT FOR CANCER
GARLIC
Natural antibiotic and immune system enhancer
Free radical attacker
Increases the enzymes that break down carcinogens in the body
Slowing or stopping the growth of tumors
GREEN TEA
Best source of catechins
Inhibit specific enzyme that lead to cancer
Repair cellular damage by free radicals
Inhibit or block cancer development
TURMERIC
Has an active ingredient called curcumin
Shown resistance to colon, breast, liver, oral, skin and stomach tumors

36. SPECIFIC FOODS HAVE THE MOST PREVENTATIVE EFFECT FOR CANCER
SOY FOOD
Contains phytoestogens
Weaker form of estrogen
Reducing the probability of developing cancer
Protect against breast cancer
Low the risk of prostate cancer
TOMATOES
Contain phytochemical lycopene
Lower risk of cancer (prostate, stomach, lung)
Highest anti-cancer potential when taken in a processed form (tomato sauce, paste and juice) because of easier absorption
YOGURT
Reduced risks of breast and colon cancer

37. MOST POTENT NUTRIENTS IN FIGHT AGAINST CANCER
FOOD SOURCE
Vitamin A
Fish liver oils, liver
Beta carotene
Orange, yellow and dark green leafy vegetables
Vitamin B2
Whole and enriched cereals and breads, lean meat, milk, eggs, liver
Vitamin B6
As for vit.B2 and bananas
Folic acid
Leafy green vegetables, meats
Pantothenic acid
Legumes, salmon, whole grains
Vitamin C
Citrus fruits, berries, broccoli, bell peppers
Vitamin E
Leafy green vegetables, egg yolk, liver

38. MOST POTENT NUTRIENTS IN FIGHT AGAINST CANCER
FOOD SOURCE
Selenium
Garlic, legumes, fish
Iron
Liver, peas, egg yolk
Zinc
Liver, oysters, soybeans, sunflower seeds
Magnesium
Green leafy vegetables, nuts, seafood
Manganese
Bananas, pineapple, nuts, bran
Protein
Lean meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs, legumes
Antioxidants
Citrus fruits, legumes, whole grain
Phytonutrients
All plant sources of food, especially dark and bright colored fruits and vegetables

39. Take a break !!

40. CANCER PROTECTIVE DIETS
CONCLUSION
High in fiber
Rich in complex carbohydrates, vitamin and minerals
CANCER PROTECTIVE DIETS
ARE BUILT FROM PLANT-
BASED FOODS:
Rich in cancer fighting phytochemical
Naturally low in fat, salt and cholesterol-free

41. CONCLUSION
Build your diet from a variety of fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes
Choose minimally-processed foods
STEPS YOU CAN TAKE TO
MAXIMIZE THE CANCER
FIGHTING POWER
OF YOUR DIET
Select foods low in fat and salt
Include daily servings of bright-colored fruits and vegetables and dark green leafy vegetables
Reduced foods from animal sources

42. CONCLUSION Completely avoid using tobacco in any form
Maintain a healthy weight
IMPORTANT STEPS
TO KEEP YOUR
BODY STRONG
AND HEALTHY
Incorporate physical activity into your daily routine
Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages

43. ACTIVITY 2:
Record your typical one day intake from wake up in the morning to before going to bed at night
Then list out the food that contain preventative effect for cancer
Please be honest!

44. ACTIVITY 3:
Do we need supplements pills in our diet to prevent cancer?
Give the reason (to support your answer)

45. THANK YOU