1. Paris 1919 Allied delegates in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles
— National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md

2. The Big Three
Leader (Name)
Country
Attitude towards Germany
Main aim

3. THE FOURTEEN POINTS
Wilson wanted a “fair” treaty that wouldn’t encourage Germany to seek revenge in the future
1 No secret treaties.
2 Free access to the seas in peacetime or wartime.
3 Free trade between countries.
4 All countries to work towards disarmament.
5 Colonies to have a say in their own future.
6 German troops to leave Russia.
7 Independence for Belgium.
8 France to regain Alsace–Lorraine.
9 Frontier between Austria and Italy to be adjusted.
10 Self-determination for the peoples of eastern Europe (they should rule themselves).
11 Serbia to have access to the sea.
12 Self-determination for the people in the Turkish Empire.
13 Poland to become an independent state with access to the sea.
14 League of Nations to be set up.

4. SIX TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES [memory word: GARGLE]
Guilt – clause 231: Germany accepted blame ‘for causing all the loss and damage’ of the war.
Army – army: 100,000/ no submarines/ no aeroplanes/ 6 battleships/ Rhineland de-militarised
Reparations – £6,600 million ($13 billion) – in instalments, until 1984).
Germany lost land – Alsace-Lorraine to France/ Saar to France (15 years)/ West Prussia and Upper Silesia to Poland/ Danzig a ‘free city’/ German colonies became ‘mandates’ of the League of Nations.
League of Nations set up.
Extra points – forbade Anschluss/ Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania independent states.

5. Germany’s Reaction to Versailles

6. Was the Treaty ‘fair’? Fair Harsh
The war had caused so much death and damage
Germany had to be stopped from doing it again
People in France and Britain wanted revenge
Not much different from the treaties forced upon France (1871) and Russia at Brest-Litovsk
The punishment was too severe towards Germany
Germany was left weak and resentful – this could lead to anger and a revenge war
The Treaty wouldn’t help rebuild European trade and wealth
The peacemakers had made the Treaty under pressure from home

8. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty of Versailles (1871)
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Alsace and Lorraine 2 rich provinces in the French Rhine Valley
+ 6 billion marks ($ 87 million)
+ 5 billion francs ($1 billion)