1. Bell Ringer Identify the wind system. A: B: C:
Quiz tomorrow ( ).
Polar easterlies
Prevailing westerlies
Trade winds

2. METEOROLOGY

3. Meteorology
Review: Meteorology – the study of things that happen in the atmosphere
Meteorologists use both current data and long-term data (climate) to predict the weather

4. Meteorology
Digital Forecast – relies on numerical data from computers, satellites, and models
Analog Forecast – compares current weather to past patterns (assuming the weather will react in a similar way)
The more data collected, the better the forecast, so meteorologists use a combination of digital and analog data

5. Weather forecasts usually can’t be trusted more than three days out
What does that mean for the 7-day forecast?
What does that mean for tracking a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean?
What does that mean for planning an outdoor wedding in July?

6. Meteorology Devices that measure at ground-level:
Thermometer – measures temperature
Barometer – measures air pressure

7. Meteorology Devices that measure at ground-level:
Anemometer – measures wind speed
Hygrometer – measures relative humidity

8. Meteorology
Radiosonde – weather balloon with sensors that measure weather conditions up in the atmosphere
Very expensive, so not used for daily forecasts

9. Weather Satellites and Radar
Weather observation is one of the main uses of satellites that orbit the Earth
Satellites are able to track clouds, but not necessarily precipitation

10. Weather Satellites and Radar
Infrared Imagery -- detects differences in heat
Objects that radiate warmth at different frequencies show up as different colors
Helps to detect strong storms and other severe weather

11. Weather Satellites and Radar
RADAR – RAdio Detecting And Ranging
Weather Radar – radio waves detect where rain is falling
Radar of Hurricane Katrina
August 2005

12. Weather Satellites and Radar
Doppler Effect – the change in wave frequency that occurs as waves move towards or away from an observer

13. Weather Satellites and Radar
Doppler Radar – uses the Doppler Effect to estimate wind speeds associated with rain storms
Distinct advantage over conventional radar systems

14. Interpreting Weather Maps
Station Model – a record of weather data for a particular area at a particular time
Fits a large amount of data into a small space
Uniform way of communicating weather data

15. Interpreting Weather Maps
Isopleths – Lines that connect points of equal value (iso = same or equal)
Example from Unit 1: contour lines (lines of the same elevation)

16. Interpreting Weather Maps
Isobars = areas with the same pressure (barometers measure pressure)

17. Interpreting Weather Maps
Isobars that are close together indicate strong winds
Winds flow from high to low pressure, so isobars can be used to locate high and low-pressure systems

19. Interpreting Weather Maps
High pressure systems tend to have sunny and clear weather
Low pressure systems tend to have cloudy and rainy weather
“Happy highs, lousy lows”

20. Interpreting Weather Systems
High-Pressure Systems – sinking air hits Earth’s surface and spreads away from the center, like water spilling on a table
Coriolis Effect causes it to spin clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere

21. Interpreting Weather Maps
Low-Pressure Systems – air rises and other air flows towards the center to replace it, like sucking from a straw
Spins counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere

22. Interpreting Weather Maps
Isotherms = areas with the same temperatures (thermometers measure temperature)
Isotherms can be used to locate warm and cold fronts

23. Interpreting Weather Maps
Cold fronts are depicted with a solid blue line and blue triangles pointed in the direction the front is moving
Warm fronts are depicted with a solid red line and red semicircles pointed in the direction the front is moving

24. Interpreting Weather Maps
Stationary fronts are depicted with a combination of cold and warm front symbols

25. Interpreting Weather Maps
Occluded fronts are depicted with a solid purple (red + blue) line and alternating purple triangles and semicircles pointed in the direction the front is moving

26. Practice! What are the different colors representing?
Different temperatures
What types of fronts are on the map?
Cold & warm
What type of weather are the high-pressure locations having?
Clear, sunny
What type of weather are the low-pressure locations having?
Rainy, cloudy

27. Weather Map You may either work with your tablemate or independently
You will need coloring pencils and/or markers
Make sure you finish every page
Turn in when finished
Complete vocabulary; I am still missing assignment from:
Alejandro, TaNayaha, Tylik, Avi, D’Avi, Hailey, Luke, Natalia, Chavon, Akira, Chandler, Matthew (Arnold), Jesse, Kimberly, Tati, Joel, Jennie

28. Weather… imagined by kids

30. Working on 2 WSs today in assigned groups
Working on 2 WSs today in assigned groups. You must work on all of this TOGETHER. If I see people working on different parts, you will each have to do the assignment individually.
Isopleth WS. Follow directions carefully. Turn in when done and get Weather WS.
Weather WS -- requires colored pencils. Get them from Stn 1 when you get to that WS (not before). Return them to Stn 1 and turn in WS when done.
Use remainder of time to study for quiz. No free time!