1. Exploring Earth’s Biomes

2. Biogeography
The study of where plants and animals live throughout the world – Biogeography.
Animals depend on plants
Plants are determined by the climate
Climate – average conditions of temperature and precipitation over long periods of time.

3. Biogeography
Biogeographers study why and how different animals disperse or move.
Types of dispersal:
Wind
Water
People or Animals

4. Forms of Dispersal
Wind

5. Forms of Dispersal
Water

6. Forms of Dispersal
People or Animals

7. Biogeography Barriers prevent organisms from moving or dispersing.
3 kinds:
Natural – water
Human Made – Dams
Ecological – Environmental conditions

8. Biomes Environments with similar climates and ecological communities.
Six land biomes
Tundra, Coniferous Forests, Deciduous forests, Tropical Rain Forests, Grasslands, and Deserts.
Three aquatic biomes
Marine, Freshwater, Estuaries

9. Land Biomes

10. Tundra

11. Land Biomes
Tundra
Location - Circles the Arctic Ocean all around N. Pole
Climate – Very cold and dry
Permafrost – permanently frozen ground.
Vegetation - lichens
Animals – Caribou, Oxen, Lemmings

13. Coniferous Forest

14. Land Biomes Coniferous Forests
Location – Canada, Alaska, N. Asia and N. Europe
Climate – Cold and wet
Taiga = “swamp forest”
Vegetation – Firs, Spruces, Pines
Animals – Moose, Beavers, Lynx, Snow-shoe Hare and Owl

16. Deciduous Forest

17. Land Biomes Deciduous Forests
Location – Northeastern USA, Canada, Europe and Asia
Climate – warm summers and cold winters
Vegetation – oaks, maple, beech and hickory
Animals – Insects, spiders, snails, squirrel, deer, raccoon, fox, snakes, blue jays, woodpeckers.

19. Tropical Rainforest

20. Land Biomes Tropical Rain Forests
Location – S. America, Africa, Southern Asia, Hawaii and Australia
Climate – summer year round and muggy
Rainfall – over 200 cm/yr
Vegetation:
over 40,000 different forms of plant life
most varied plant life of all biomes.
Animals
Eagles, monkeys, parrots, toucan, bats, ocelots, boa constrictors
All live in canopy.

22. Grasslands

23. Land Biomes Grasslands
Location – East Africa, N. America, Central Asia, S. America and Australia
Climate – warm and dry
Vegetation – grasses and acacia trees
Animals – elephants, zebra, antelope, lions, wild dogs, cheetah, mice, rats, snakes, hawks and eagles.

24. Grasslands

25. Deserts

26. Land Biomes
Deserts
Location – N. Africa, N. America, W. Asia, Central Australia.
Climate –
dry and hot = day
Cold = night
Vegetation – cactus, aloe and palm trees
Animals – lizards, small rodents, camels, snakes

28. Water Biomes
There are three different water biomes on Earth, characterized by their salt concentrations:
Marine
Freshwater
Estuary

29. Marine Oceans cover about 70% of earth Salt water
Divided into zones based on:
sunlight
Temperature
water pressure
water movement

30. The Blue Planet

31. Marine Zones

32. Marine Zones Near Shore: Past low-tide zone:
Sunlight: penetrates the entire portion of water
Temperature: warm
Pressure: low due to being shallow
Water Movement: very active; waves and tides
Past low-tide zone:
Sunlight: varies due to depth; higher at the surface. Temperature: warmer at surface cooler as you move deeper.
Pressure: Gradually increases the deeper you go.
Water Movement: Active at surface with waves.

33. Marine Zones Deep Ocean: Sunlight – no light Temperature - cold
Pressure – very high
Water Movement - none

34. Tidal Burrowers

35. Tidal Suckers – Barnacles

36. Freshwater Lakes, ponds, streams and rivers Fast moving stream:
Conditions:
Sunlight: low
Temperature: Cool
high oxygen levels
fast moving water
Adaptations:
Strong root systems, bendable stems, suckers, streamlined bodies

37. Freshwater Lakes Conditions: Characteristics: Sunlight: high sunlight
Temperature: warmer water
high oxygen
slow moving water
Characteristics:
Plants grow around shores
Algae and duckweed float on top
Fish, ducks, frogs and snakes.

38. Freshwater

39. Estuaries Boundary between freshwater and marine
Mixture of salt and fresh water
Salt marshes, lagoons, mangrove swamps and mouths of rivers.
Conditions:
Sunlight: high
Temperature: warm
Pressure: Shallow
Water Movement: slow moving
Characteristics:
“Nurseries” – habitat for young fish and animals
Crabs, oysters and fish

40. Mangrove