1. Industrial Revolution
Changes to Work and Technology

2. Labour + Government in Britain:
Famers who were out of work came to cities city populations grew and lots of people were willing to work in factories.
Business people have power in parliament, can pass laws that help businesses grow
Government improved transportation (this helps with trade), and British navy protected shipping

3. Capitalists: Capitalist: a person with money (capital) to invest
Capitalist are willing to build factories + improve transportation (for a profit $$$$$)
People who were discriminated against go into business as a way to get power…

4. Image Analysis:
Look at the image on page 236, and read the description, then answer the following questions:
1. What was life like for poor factory workers?
2. Describe their housing situation

8. Image Analysis:
Look at the image on page 237, and read the description, then answer the following questions:
1. What was life like for the upper classes during the Industrial Revolution?
2. Describe their housing situation

11. Energy Sources + Raw Materials
Coal: used for heat, and eventually for the steam engine
Coal is used to make iron
Iron makes: pots and pans, iron wheels in factories, iron + brass steam engines, and bridge supports

12. TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Textiles = woven fabrics used to make clothing and other products
Textiles made Britain rich and powerful
New technology made fabric and clothing creation much more efficient and profitable

13. Textile Materials + Trade
All cloth is made from natural materials (at this time)
Britain has wool (from sheep)… it cannot grow cotton due to climate

14. Textile Materials + Trade Cont’d
Desire for new textile materials led Britain to look to the colonies.
Britain liked the cotton grown in the American South American farmers start producing more cotton  leads to increased slavery to meet demand
India supplies indigo + cotton
First Nations supply clothing dye
Fibre for rope found in Mexico + Florida

15. Steam Power:
During the Industrial Revolution inventions built on inventions
Ex: Yarn is spun faster, and there’s more of it  looms get larger larger looms need more power= invention of the water frame
Start of Industrial Revolution power came from: humans, horses, and running water
Running water was best, and could provide a lot of power
None of these are enough to meet power needs

16. Steam Power Cont’d
1712: Thomas Newcomen invents the steam engine to pump water out of mines
Used steam produced from a coal fire
Guiding idea: water expands when it’s heated (takes up more space than in liquid form)
1st Steam engine called “Old Bess”

17. Watt’s Steam Engine
James Watt improved Newcomen’s steam engine in the 1760s
Compressed the steam, and made the engine more practical
Turbine: a rotary mechanical device in which fluid or steam makes the blades move
Ex. Picture a kettle, when steam is pushed out of the small hole, it whistles
“If steam is put under pressure in a boiler, it can be harnessed to power a turbine”
Watt’s engine was adapted to power machines in factories.

18. Work… TRANSFORMED!
Industrial Revolution changed: how products are made, what kind of work people did, and how that work was organized

19. Before the Revolution:
Cottage Industry: different people worked on one part of a product in their homes. Completed work then collected by a business person and sold
Paid for each item you create (not hourly)
Looking on page 241; which would you rather work for? The cottage industry? Or the factory system? Why?

20. Spinning and Weaving
Done largely by women who also farmed (extra income)
Paid poorly – lots of people want to do this, it’s easy to learn = business owners don’t have to pay high wages

21. Factory Age Inventions made the cottage industry useless…
New machines are large, and require a LOT of power
Factories = all parts of the manufacturing (making) process are in one place

22. Transportation Changes
Transportation changes allowed Britain to:
Make transportation faster and cheaper
Transport raw materials
Transport products to market
Extend markets around the world

23. Steam Locomotives Roads and canals are improved
Steam engines became powerful enough that they could power trains!
1829- the “Rocket” is created
Trains revolutionized transportation!