1. World War II and the Grand Alliance

2. World War II: UK, US, and USSR
Britain declared war on Germany Sept
Operation Barbarossa June
US declared war on Japan Dec
As the three main countries fighting the Axis powers, what do they have in common?
Despite being on the same side of the war, where did disagreement/tension start to show in relation to the war?

3. Things to consider . . .
Through Lend-Lease, the US provided $31 billion in aid to Britain and $11 billion to the Soviet Union.
2015 equivalent: $450 billion and $160 billion
US and UK launched propaganda campaigns to help improve public opinion of the Soviet Union
Uncle Joe
Although all three were at war in 1942, the Soviet Union was holding down the only front in continental Europe.

4. Atlantic Charter—August 1941
Roosevelt and Churchill meet at sea of the coast of Newfoundland.
Agree to
oppose all postwar territorial changes that violated the wishes of the population concerned
support democratically elected governments in regions emancipated from German rule
Favor creating international peacekeeping organization to supplant League of Nations
What would USSR think?

5. Churchill
Roosevelt (Truman)
Stalin
Declining power
Fighting longest
Balance of power
Preserve empire
Eliminate German dominance
Pragmatic
Smaller losses
Primarily in Pacific
More ideological goals
End to Auth. Regimes blamed for war
Keep US/USSR in war against Japan
Idealist
B/c of losses deserved comp. in E. Europe (Poland and buffer frontier)
Eliminate German dominance
Security against antagonistic powers in West

6. Conferences Casablanca—January 1943 Cairo and Teheran—November 1943
Yalta—February 1945
Potsdam—August 1945

7. Casablanca—January 1943 Roosevelt and Churchill
Stalin declined b/c Stalingrad, Free French present but minimal role and not in military planning
Objective: coordinate their policies
Tactical procedure, allocation of resources, diplomacy
Advancement of the idea of unconditional surrender to bring about the “destruction of the philosophies in those countries which are based on conquest and subjugation of other people.” –Roosevelt
Logical progression of Atlantic Charter
Why meet in Casablanca?

8. Cairo—November
Churchill, Roosevelt, Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)
Objective: boost sagging Chinese morale with continued financial and military support for the nationalists. Discuss war with Japan and future of Asia.
Four Policemen—idea that there would be a dominant power in each main region that would be responsible for keeping the peace in that area.
China would fill the vacuum after defeat of Japan.

9. Roosevelt and Jiang shared ideas about China overseeing decolonization and facilitate the onset of a trusteeship system in Asia.
Roosevelt did not want Indo-China to go back to France.
Not supported by UK and eventually dropped.
Cairo Declaration
Continue the war against Japan
Insist upon unconditional surrender
Remove Japan from lands it conquered
Restore Japan to its 1894 frontiers (pre Sino-Japanese war)
Agree to no Allied acquisition of land on mainland Asia or in Pacific Islands