1. Grammar
Linking words
Teacher : M. MOUHARIR
How many sentences ? How many ideas ?
Ahmed has excellent grades. He respects his teachers.
( 2 sentences – 2 ideas )
Make them 1 sentence ?
2. Ahmed has excellent grades, and he respects his teachers.
( 1 sentences – 2 ideas )
Linking word
Ahmed has excellent grades. And he respects his teachers.
3. …………………………………………… . ……………………………………………………….. .
We need another linking with the same meaning, but after full stop.
4. Ahmed has excellent grades. In addition, he respects his teachers.
( 2 sentences – 2 ideas )
Linking word
Noticing – The use of a linking word :
We use a linking word to join : a. Two ideas b. Two sentences .
And / In addition mean : Contrast Cause Addition

2. My mother does the cooking and the housework
My mother does the cooking and the housework. In addition to this, she looks after my grandparents.
Ahmed is learning Spanish. In order to, get a job in Spain.
My brother speaks English fluently. Moreover, he is studying French now.
You get a good mark, so you need to work hard and revise your lessons.
Rachid likes real Madrid, whereas Ali like FC Barcelona.
My sister likes reading books but she hates watching Tv .
I usually go to the library because I like books.
In addition to this,
Linking words
.In order to
Moreover so
Words used to link or connect ideas or sentences to make a clear meaning.
whereas
but
Because

3. Ahmed is learning Spanish. In order to, get a job in Spain.
My mother does the cooking and the housework. In addition to this, she looks after my grandparents.
Ahmed is learning Spanish. In order to, get a job in Spain.
My brother speaks English fluently. Moreover, he is studying French now.
you get a bad mark, so you need to work hard and revise your lessons.
Rachid likes real Madrid, whereas Ali like FC Barcelona.
My sister likes reading books but hates watching Tv .
I usually go to the library becuase I like books.
In addition to this,
Addition
.In order to,
Purpose
Moreover
Addition So
Result
whereas
Contrast
But
Concession
Because
Cuase

4. Addition Purpose Contrast
Moreover,….
In addition to this, …
……And…
As well as…
In order to,…
To….
Whereas
….,but…..
So as to (+verb )……
So as not to……….
for…….
So that +subject+ modals
………..While,………
On the other hand, …
Alternatively, ………….
Instead,………………
On the contrary……….
Furthermore, ………………
Besides, ………………..
Not only……….but also…
Too/ also…………
Likewise,…………………

5. Concession Reason Result/ effect But , … ……however … Because ,… as….
As a result
Since ……
Due to ……….
for…….
Because of
Furthermore, …
Thus , ………….
As a consequent ,……
That’s why
Despite , ………………
In spite of …
although,….
Nevertheless
Though

6. He speaks Chinese ….............., he can also read it.
Exercise 1: fill in the blanks with the right linking word from the list below
while / for/ but /that’s why / whereas/ Moreover / so as to/ and
In nearly every country in the world they drive on the right, ………………… in England they insist on driving on the left.
He speaks Chinese … , he can also read it.
I don’t like fish …………. My mother loves it.
She wakes up early every morning………………..……….be on time to work.
Lets go swimming ………………………it is a holiday .
He spent all his time on facebook …………………. He failed the exam
  Sue likes Opera…………… Joe prefers jazz.
He plays the guitar ……….. Sings folk songs.
whereas
Moreover
but
So as to
for
That’s why
while
and

7. 2) Mark studied hard. He passed the exams ( so)
Exercise 2 : Join these sentences using the linking words between brackets
My sister gave private English lessons. She wants to earn some money.(in order to ) .
2) Mark studied hard. He passed the exams ( so)
Their team has got the best players. Their coach is fantastic.
( moreover )
Kristina loves playing sport. She is not very good at it.( although )
Mr. Smith is a hardworking man. His brother Louis is a very lazy one. (whereas).
 My sister gave private English lessons in order to earn some money.
 he studies hard so he passed the exams
Their team has got the best players. Moreover, their coach is fantastic.
 Kristina loves playing sport. Although she is not very good at it.
Mr. Smith is a hardworking man. Whereas, his brother Louis is a very..

8. Production : Free Production : Complete these examples about you :
I am good at English. That’s why _________________________
My English is not excellent. However, __________________________
I want to be a teacher of English, because ____________________________
I am having a holiday, but ________________________________
I like watching movies. In addition, ______________________
Free Production :
Write a short paragraph with 3 or 4 sentences about ways of learning english , using the linking words you have learned.