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SC.912.N.1.1 Scientific Method 1 In the experiment above identify the:
1. Independent variable -_________________________________ *(manipulated) * Can only have one….. 2. Dependent variable- __________________________________ *(responding) what is measured. 3. Control group- _______________________________________ * (used as a comparison) 4. What are two constants shown? ________________ & _____________ 5. Each discovery must be submitted to and pass a P___ ___ r review. 1 * T or F Redi’s experiment disproved spontaneous generation.
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SC.912.L.14.1 Cell Theory 2 The components of the cell theory are:
A. All living things are composed of c__________. B. Cells are the s_________________ unit of life. C. All cells come from pre-e_______________ cells. Match the above components of the cell theory with the with the following statements. ___ Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) was disproved. ___ Invention of the microscope aided in the cell theory ___ Plants and animals are made of cells . T or F The scanning electron microscope can take 3-D images. T or F A theory can be observed a law cannot. T or F A theory and law are interchangeable. T or F The “Cell Theory” was only accepted after many years of collective research by scientist such as Hooke, Schwann and Schleiden. 2
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SC.912.L.14.3 Cell Structure Category of cells with out a nucleus . __________________ Category of cells with a nucleus. _____________________ Both contain R______________ used in protein synthesis. T or F Bacteria contain DNA but lack a nuclear membrane. T or F Prokaryotes include bacteria (archaebacteria and eubacteria) T or F Eukaryotic cells are found in Plants, Animals , Fungi and Protist. 3
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SC.912.L.14.3 Cell Structure The three main differences between plant and animal cells are - ___________________, _________________ & large _________________. The “Power House” which produces ATP is the m____________________. Small structures responsible for “protein synthesis” located on the ER are the r__________________. The organelle responsible for transport is the __________________ and storage is the _____________ Body. * T or F Plants cells are heterotrophic and animal cells autotrophic. * T or F Photosynthesis occurs in a plant cells chloroplast. 4
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The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer of L__________ & P_________.
If a large molecule is transported across the membrane in which energy is required it is known as a____________ transport. P______________ transport such as osmosis requires no energy. T or F The cell membrane is semi or selectively permeable. T or F Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP. 5
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Diffusion & Osmosis 1. Diffusion is the movement from a h______________ to a l__________ concentration. 2. Label the following solutions H__________ 2. I__________ 3. H_________ 3. What keeps the plant cell from bursting in the Hypotonic solution? C_______ W_______. 4. Diffusion of water is known as: O_______________ 5. What would happen to a fresh water plant if it was placed in salt water. _________________ T or F Salt sucks the moisture out of a cells, dehydrating them. 6
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SC.912.L.16.17 Mitosis and Meiosis
1 Division 2 Divisions Haploid Diploid 2 Identical Cells Variation in 4 Cells Crossing Over Somatic Cells Sex Cells Gametes # in Humans 5. T or F Cancer is uncontrolled growth of cells. 1. 2. 3. 4. 7 P_______ M _______ A_______ T _______ C____________
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SC.912.L.18.1 Macromolecules 8 Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Nucleic Acid Quick Energy Stored Energy Glucose/Starch Nucleotide (P-S-NB) Non-Polar / Oils Amino Acids (20) R-group Long Chains of CHO’s Most Phosphates 3-D Folded Cell Membrane DNA & RNA Polypeptides Enzymes 8
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Enzymes 9 LABEL S____________ P____________ E ____________
T or F Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction. T or F Enzymes (catalyst ) are able to be used over and over again. T or F Enzyme are specific to a certain substrate. (* Lock & Key ) T or F Enzymes are proteins. 9
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SC.912.L.18.9 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
ENERGY IN Photosynthesis – Sun + _______ _______ (C02) and ___________ (H2O). produces - _____________ (C6H1206) and _______________ (O2). 2. Cellular Respiration- ____________ (C6H1206) and _____________ (O2) produces _______ ________ (C02) and _____________ (H2O). * ___ ___ __ ENERGY OUT 3. Photosynthesis occurs in the c______________ and cellular respiration in the m___________________. T or F Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are the opposites (interrelated) of each other. T or F Plants carry on both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. T or F Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration and produces alcohol and lactic acid as by products. *Aerobic 36 ATP & Anaerobic 2 ATP. 10
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SC.912.L.18.12 Properties of Water
# Property Importance 1. Polarity A -Sticks to itself. 2. Adhesion B- Regulates temperature. 3. Cohesion C- Bugs can walk on water. 4. Capillary Action D- Keeps lakes from freezing solid. 5. Surface Tension E- Moment through plants. 6. Water expands, forms ice. F- Water moves upwards because of cohesion. 7. High Heat Capacity G- Sticks to something else. 8. Transpiration H- Dissolves substance (+ and -). T or F Non - polar substances such as oils will dissolve in water. T or F During a frost or freeze oranges (fruits) and vegetables such as tomatoes are often damaged when the water is the cells expand. 11
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SC.912.L.14.7 Plant Structure 12 Pistil
STAMEN Pistil Chloroplast G__________ Cells S_________ (opening) The female parts (P____________) include the stigma , style and o_______. The anther produces the male gamete – p__________. The _____________________ carries water and minerals up the plant. The _____________________ carries nutrients down from the leaves. Mosses , algae and lichens are short because they lack a v__________________ system. *( are non-vascular) Gymnosperms include the conifers that produce ______________ cones. Angiosperms produce f_____________ and seeds with in fruits. T or F Ferns reproduce with spores. T or F Cactus have modified leaves(spines) to prevent from drying out in the desert. T or F Plant growth occurs from the meristem through mitosis. 12
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LOBES SC.912.L.14.26 The Brain 13 C______________ P______________
F______________ P_______ BRAIN STEM M________ Oblongata O____________ C________________ T____________ Frontal Parietal Occipital T or F The temporal lobe is visible from a view from the top. 13
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SC.912.L.14.36 Cardiovascular System
T or F A stroke is caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart. T or F Plaque build up in the arteries is known as atherosclerosis. T or F Arteries carry oxygenated blood towards the heart and veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart. T or F As you exercise CO2 levels will increase and O2 levels decrease. STROKE T or F A high viscosity (thickness) of blood causes an increased resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow. T or F Blood pressure is caused by the contraction of the ventricles in the heart. T or F Exercise increases blood flow. T or F Blood pressure can directly affect blood flow through the circulatory system. T or F As people age, plaque builds up in the arteries increasing vessel resistance, which leads to disease Atherosclerosis 14
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SC.912.L Immune System Any thing that triggers a immune response is known as a p________________. Immune Response Non-Specific Specific Skin Mucous Membranes Antibodies Inflammation T- Cells , B-Cells Memory Cells Antibodies T-Cells Over use of antibiotics can lead to resistance and the creation of “S___________ Bugs” The s_________is the body's first line of defense against infection and is a n_________________ defense against foreign organisms. T or F The body produces antibodies to combat germs or antigens. T or F White blood cells (leukocytes) engulf and destroy pathogens. T or F When a person is vaccinated, they are injected with weakened or antigens of a virus. T or F Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not. 15
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SC.912.L.16.13 Reproductive System
F C Z______ - Blastocyst U O V Identify the above structures: F____________________Tube, U___________________, C_____________ O______________ & V______________ Letter Structure Function Scrotum Produce sperm located in the scrotum Vas Deferens G Produces sugary fluid for energy for the sperm Seminal Vesicle Stores maturing sperm Epididymis 2 Tubes that carry sperm Prostate Contain testes , can alter shape. Testicles A Carries urine and sperms out of the body. Urethra Produces a lubrications fluid. T or F Fertilization occurs in the uterus. T or F The blastocyst implants into the uterus during normal human. T or F The development of a blastocyst follows the formation of a zygote. Tor F The CERVIX (neck) contains a mucous membrane and traps germs and sperm from entering fallopian tubes. T or F The scrotum can change shape in response to temperature for optimal sperm production. T or F Sperm is formed in the testes , stored and matures in the epididymis and then travels out through the vas deferens. 16
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17 1st Trimester 2nd Trimester 3rd Trimester
Major organs form (heart & brain) /Can determine the sex of the baby, fingernails form/ Baby puts on weight , lungs form.. Fetus after 8wks 1st Trimester nd Trimester rd Trimester T or F The human embryo is called a fetus after the eighth week of development? T or F Nourishment is provided to the fetus by the amniotic sac. T or F Alcohol is most damaging early in a pregnancy because during this time many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming. T or F The fingernails start growing and the sex of the baby can be determined in the 1st trimester. T or F It is in the 3rd semester that the baby puts on most of its (mass) body weight. T or F The lungs fully develop in the third semester in preparation for the baby’s first breath. 17
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C________________ C_______________
SC.912.L.17.5 Population Size What is represented by K on the graph to the left? C________________ C_______________ Exponential Growth is represented by a _____ curve and Logistic an ______ curve. What is the carrying capacity for the population in the graph to the left? __________ thousand. Limiting Factors that regulate population growth can be non-living- ( A_____________) or living (B__________) K Thousands T or F A population moving into an area is immigration and out of an area emigration. T or F Bacteria that cause a disease would be considered a abiotic living factor. T or F Light is an abiotic limiting factor for organisms living in the aphotic zone. T or F The predator prey relationship controls the population size of both species. Photic zone Aphotic zone What would happen if the artic hare population decline do to a lack of food? ________________________________________________________________________ 18
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Volcanoes, Pavement, Glacier retreat
T or F Primary succession start with bare rock and its pioneer species are lichen and mosses. T or F Secondary succession start with soil and follows a disturbance such as a fire or plowing Succession Lichens & Moss Characteristic Primary Secondary Bare Rock Volcanoes, Pavement, Glacier retreat Regrowth after a Fire or a disturbance such as plowing a field Starts with Soil Lichens & Moss Weed & Grasses ROCK Primary Secondary Pioneer Weeds and Grasses SOIL 19 Climax
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Miller & Urey’s Experiment
SC.912.L.15.8 Origin of Life T or F The 1st organisms to developed on Earth due to the early environmental conditions on were prokaryotic and anaerobic bacteria. T or F In order for life to develop on earth synthesis of organic molecules would have to of formed. T or F Miller and Urey were able to “create” life. T or F In Miller and Urey’s experiment they found it possible to create similar organic molecules (amino acids) found on primitive earth. T or F Miller’s & Urey’s experiments were able to “model” primitive earth. Miller & Urey’s Experiment Place in order the hypothesized order of origin of the following. Just Place the letter - (A), (B), (C), or (D) (A) eukaryotic heterotrophs (B) prokaryotic anaerobes (C) eukaryotic autotrophs (D) prokaryote aerobes __________________ __________________ ________________ ________________ no oxygen or nucleus oxygen and no nucleus nucleated plants nucleated consumers (cyanobacteria) The diagram below shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis. Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage? A. They had more DNA B. They were able to make more use of available energy Mitochondria 20
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SC.912.L Natural Selection Match the idea (theory) with the person belief. D___________would state that Giraffe (letter) ____ would survive because it is the fittest. L_________________ would argue that either Giraffe A or B could s___________ their necks and pass on the trait on to their offspring. *They were known as A______________ traits A B C T or F Mutations within a DNA sequence are natural processes that produce genetic diversity. T or F An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully T or F Genetic drift refers to the change in a type of genes in a population due to a random occurrence and can lead to a change in biodiversity. Is this genetic drift? Yes or No A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population? T or F A small portion of the population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased biodiversity.. A. It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits. B. It will reduce genetic diversity 21
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SC.912.L.15.6 Classification 22 Cladogram Autotrophic Heterotroph
1. Which species is most closely related to species K? A. species E B. species F C. species G D. species I T or F The cladogram shows common ancestry. Autotrophic Heterotroph Archae Bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Autotrophic Heterotrophic Unicellular Multicellular T or F DNA, Molecular, and chemical evidence have shed new light on the classification of organisms. T or F Both Plants and some Protist are autotrophic and able to photosynthesize. 22
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(Same , Structure , Different Function)
SC.912.L.15.1 Evolution Common Ancestor Identify the following form of evidence that support common ancestry. M_____________ (DNA) H_______________ Structures (Same , Structure , Different Function) V ___________________ F_______________ “oldest evidence” “Non-use” E___________________ T or F The newest and most concise evidence supporting common ancestry is molecular or DNA evidence. 23
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* You may have to put skulls in order of evolution.
Human Evolution Huh! (Brow Ridge) * You may have to put skulls in order of evolution. Hominoid evolution changes in the skull include: Larger cranium for a larger b_________. Shorter jaw, less space for w______ teeth. Face is flatter less pronation of the jaw . Face is ____ degrees. A decrease in the b_______ ridge above the eyes. Human learned to walk up right b________________ 6. Modern mans scientific name is H______ s________ 24
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SC.912.L.16.1 Genetics 25 *Blood Types
Using T and t write the possible Genotypes Dominance- Homozygous_______ Heterozygous______ Phenotype is how something Recessive- Homozygous ______ ________________ Incomplete Dominance- Traits are Mixed R W Genotypic Ratio __RR__RW__WW Phenotypic Ratios ___R___P__ W Cross 2 Heterozygous pink plants… R W All Pink W W B B In co-dominance both traits show. *Blood Types 25
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H-Normal h- hemophilia
Genetics Continued Complete for the 4 blood types. CODOMINANCE Blood type O lacks antigens and is known as the Universal D____________ T or F A parent with blood type A and one with blood type B can have a child with blood type O. Cross A with B H-Normal h- hemophilia Hemophilia is a sex linked disorder in which the blood doesn’t clot properly. A B X Y Possible Phenotypes _____ % Normal _____ % Carrier _____ % Hemophilia X X Pedigree 26
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F.O.I.L P- Purple P- yellow S- Smooth S- Rough PPSS (x) PpSs 3 27
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SC.912.L.16.3 DNA Replication 28 Nucleic Acids
T or F In replication T is placed with U . T or F Codons are composed of 3 Nitrogen bases T or F Both replication and transcriptions occur in the nucleus T or F A nucleotide is composed of a phosphate, sugar and nitrogen base. __ 3. Translation – “Protein Synthesis” T or F Occurs in the cytoplasm. T or F Involves all 3 RNA’s . T or F Creates polypeptide chains by combining any of the 50 amino acids. Nucleotide __ 1. R_______________ ACT GCT GAG ACG ___ ___ ____ ____ Code for A-A AUC- _______ GUA- ______ A C A ______ 2. T________________ ACT GCT GAG ACU ___ ___ ____ ____ 28
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T________________ N________________ C________________ 29
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SUSTAINABILITY SC.912.L.17.20 Human Impact 30
T or F The burning of the fossil fuel coal released both CO2 and SO2 which can lead to Global Warming and Acid Rain. T or F One of the negative affects of wind power is its possibility to harm birds. T or F Nuclear Energy is clean energy but can lead to a disaster if a meltdown occurs. T or F Natural Gas is “cleaner” than burning coal. T or F All energy comes from the Sun, even hydropower. SUSTAINABILITY T or F Invasive species such as the Burmese python can compete with native species reduce the biodiversity in an ecosystem. T or F Inbreeding can increase the passing on of harmful traits. 30
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Which Suspect committed the crime?
SC.912.L Biotechnology Human Genome Project GMO,S 1. Stem cell research has been a controversial subject in past years. What is the reason for this? A. Cells for study are often taken from human embryos. B. Replacement tissue will never be grown from a person's own stem cells. Stem Cells 2. The way that crimes are solved today was affected by which of the following technologies? A. gene therapy B. DNA fingerprinting Which Suspect committed the crime? # ____ Recombinant DNA 3. Which technology below would probably be the most important to a person who had diabetes and had to take insulin every day? A. engineering fruits and vegetables that resist insects and other pests B. using recombinant DNA to produce human hormones like (insulin) from bacteria. Gene Therapy 32
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Lakes Explain the general distribution of life in aquatic systems as a function of chemistry, geography, light depth, salinity, pressure and temperature. True or False 1. As you go deeper the pressure increases. T or F 2. There are a greater number of organisms in the photic zone than the aphotic zone. T or F 3. You would find phytoplankton living in the aphotic zone. T or F 4. The deep bottom of the ocean is called the abyss. T or F 5. As you dive deeper the water temperature decreases (gets colder). T or F 6. The oceans water have a greater salinity than a lake. T or F P________ Zone B______ Zone A_______ Zone Temperature- Pressure- # of Organisms DEPTH Abyss
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