1. SC.912.N.1.1 Scientific Method 1 In the experiment above identify the:
1. Independent variable -_________________________________
*(manipulated) * Can only have one…..
2. Dependent variable- __________________________________
*(responding) what is measured.
3. Control group- _______________________________________
* (used as a comparison)
4. What are two constants shown? ________________ & _____________
5. Each discovery must be submitted to and pass a P___ ___ r review. 1
* T or F Redi’s experiment disproved spontaneous generation.

2. SC.912.L.14.1 Cell Theory 2 The components of the cell theory are:
A. All living things are composed of c__________.
B. Cells are the s_________________ unit of life.
C. All cells come from pre-e_______________ cells.
Match the above components of the cell theory with the with the following statements.
___ Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) was disproved.
___ Invention of the microscope aided in the cell theory
___ Plants and animals are made of cells .
T or F The scanning electron microscope can take 3-D images.
T or F A theory can be observed a law cannot.
T or F A theory and law are interchangeable.
T or F The “Cell Theory” was only accepted after many years of
collective research by scientist such as Hooke, Schwann
and Schleiden. 2

3. SC.912.L.14.3 Cell Structure
Category of cells with out a nucleus . __________________
Category of cells with a nucleus. _____________________
Both contain R______________ used in protein synthesis.
T or F Bacteria contain DNA but lack a nuclear membrane.
T or F Prokaryotes include bacteria (archaebacteria and eubacteria)
T or F Eukaryotic cells are found in Plants, Animals , Fungi and Protist. 3

4. SC.912.L.14.3 Cell Structure
The three main differences between plant and animal cells are - ___________________, _________________ & large _________________.
The “Power House” which produces ATP is the m____________________.
Small structures responsible for “protein synthesis” located on the ER are the r__________________.
The organelle responsible for transport is the __________________ and storage is the _____________ Body.
* T or F Plants cells are heterotrophic and animal cells autotrophic.
* T or F Photosynthesis occurs in a plant cells chloroplast. 4

5. The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer of L__________ & P_________.
If a large molecule is transported across the membrane in which energy is required it is known as a____________ transport.
P______________ transport such as osmosis requires no energy.
T or F The cell membrane is semi or selectively permeable.
T or F Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP. 5

6. Diffusion & Osmosis
1. Diffusion is the movement from a h______________ to a l__________ concentration.
2. Label the following solutions H__________ 2. I__________ 3. H_________
3. What keeps the plant cell from bursting in the
Hypotonic solution?
C_______ W_______.
4. Diffusion of water is known as: O_______________
5. What would happen to
a fresh water plant if it
was placed in salt water.
_________________
T or F Salt sucks the moisture out
of a cells, dehydrating them. 6

7. SC.912.L.16.17 Mitosis and Meiosis
1 Division
2 Divisions
Haploid
Diploid
2 Identical
Cells
Variation in 4 Cells
Crossing Over
Somatic Cells
Sex Cells
Gametes
# in Humans 5.
T or F
Cancer is uncontrolled growth of cells. 1. 2. 3. 4. 7
P_______ M _______ A_______ T _______ C____________

8. SC.912.L.18.1 Macromolecules 8 Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Nucleic Acid
Quick Energy
Stored Energy
Glucose/Starch
Nucleotide (P-S-NB)
Non-Polar / Oils
Amino Acids (20)
R-group
Long Chains of CHO’s
Most Phosphates
3-D Folded
Cell Membrane
DNA & RNA
Polypeptides
Enzymes 8

9. Enzymes 9 LABEL S____________ P____________ E ____________
T or F Enzymes lower the activation
energy required for a reaction.
T or F Enzymes (catalyst ) are able to be
used over and over again.
T or F Enzyme are specific to a certain
substrate. (* Lock & Key )
T or F Enzymes are proteins. 9

10. SC.912.L.18.9 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
ENERGY IN
Photosynthesis – Sun + _______ _______ (C02) and ___________ (H2O).
produces - _____________ (C6H1206) and _______________ (O2).
2. Cellular Respiration- ____________ (C6H1206) and _____________ (O2)
produces _______ ________ (C02) and _____________ (H2O). * ___ ___ __
ENERGY
OUT
3. Photosynthesis occurs in the c______________ and cellular respiration in
the m___________________.
T or F Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are the opposites (interrelated) of each other.
T or F Plants carry on both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
T or F Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration and produces
alcohol and lactic acid as by products. *Aerobic 36 ATP & Anaerobic 2 ATP. 10

11. SC.912.L.18.12 Properties of Water#
Property
Importance 1.
Polarity
A -Sticks to itself. 2.
Adhesion
B- Regulates temperature. 3.
Cohesion
C- Bugs can walk on water. 4.
Capillary Action
D- Keeps lakes from freezing solid. 5.
Surface Tension
E- Moment through plants. 6.
Water expands, forms ice.
F- Water moves upwards because of cohesion. 7.
High Heat Capacity
G- Sticks to something else. 8.
Transpiration
H- Dissolves substance (+ and -).
T or F Non - polar substances such as oils
will dissolve in water.
T or F During a frost or freeze oranges (fruits) and
vegetables such as tomatoes are often
damaged when the water is the cells expand. 11

12. SC.912.L.14.7 Plant Structure 12 Pistil
STAMEN
Pistil
Chloroplast
G__________
Cells
S_________
(opening)
The female parts (P____________) include the stigma , style and o_______.
The anther produces the male gamete – p__________.
The _____________________ carries water and minerals up the plant.
The _____________________ carries nutrients down from the leaves.
Mosses , algae and lichens are short because they lack a v__________________ system. *( are non-vascular)
Gymnosperms include the conifers that produce ______________ cones.
Angiosperms produce f_____________ and seeds with in fruits.
T or F Ferns reproduce with spores.
T or F Cactus have modified leaves(spines) to prevent from drying
out in the desert.
T or F Plant growth occurs from the meristem through mitosis. 12

13. LOBES SC.912.L.14.26 The Brain 13 C______________ P______________
F______________
P_______
BRAIN STEM
M________
Oblongata
O____________
C________________
T____________
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
T or F The temporal lobe is visible from a view from the top. 13

14. SC.912.L.14.36 Cardiovascular System
T or F A stroke is caused by blockage of blood flow
to the heart.
T or F Plaque build up in the arteries is known as
atherosclerosis.
T or F Arteries carry oxygenated blood towards
the heart and veins carry deoxygenated
blood away from the heart.
T or F As you exercise CO2 levels
will increase and O2 levels
decrease.
STROKE
T or F A high viscosity (thickness) of blood causes an increased
resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow. 
T or F Blood pressure is caused by the contraction of the
ventricles in the heart.
T or F Exercise increases blood flow.
T or F Blood pressure can directly affect blood flow through the
circulatory system.
T or F As people age, plaque builds up in the arteries increasing
vessel resistance, which leads to disease
Atherosclerosis 14

15. SC.912.L Immune System
Any thing that triggers a immune response is known as a p________________.
Immune Response
Non-Specific
Specific
Skin
Mucous Membranes
Antibodies
Inflammation
T- Cells , B-Cells
Memory Cells
Antibodies
T-Cells
Over use of antibiotics can lead to resistance and the creation of “S___________ Bugs”
The s_________is the body's first line of defense against infection and is a n_________________ defense against foreign organisms.
T or F The body produces antibodies to combat germs or antigens.
T or F White blood cells (leukocytes) engulf and destroy pathogens.
T or F When a person is vaccinated, they are injected with weakened or antigens of a virus.
T or F Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not. 15

16. SC.912.L.16.13 Reproductive SystemF C
Z______ - Blastocyst U O V
Identify the above structures:
F____________________Tube, U___________________,
C_____________ O______________ & V______________
Letter
Structure
Function
Scrotum
Produce sperm located in the scrotum
Vas Deferens G
Produces sugary fluid for energy for the sperm
Seminal Vesicle
Stores maturing sperm
Epididymis
2 Tubes that carry sperm
Prostate
Contain testes , can alter shape.
Testicles A
Carries urine and sperms out of the body.
Urethra
Produces a lubrications fluid.
T or F Fertilization occurs in the uterus.
T or F The blastocyst implants into the uterus
during normal human.
T or F The development of a blastocyst follows
the formation of a zygote.
Tor F The CERVIX (neck) contains a mucous membrane and
traps germs and sperm from entering fallopian tubes.
T or F The scrotum can change shape in response
to temperature for optimal sperm production.
T or F Sperm is formed in the testes , stored and
matures in the epididymis and then travels
out through the vas deferens. 16

17. 17 1st Trimester 2nd Trimester 3rd Trimester
Major organs form (heart & brain) /Can determine the sex of the baby, fingernails form/ Baby puts on weight , lungs form..
Fetus
after
8wks
1st Trimester nd Trimester rd Trimester
T or F The human embryo is called a fetus
after the eighth week of development?
T or F Nourishment is provided to the fetus by
the amniotic sac.
T or F Alcohol is most damaging early in a pregnancy because during
this time many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming.
T or F The fingernails start growing and the sex of the baby can be
determined in the 1st trimester.
T or F It is in the 3rd semester that the baby puts on most of its (mass) body weight.
T or F The lungs fully develop in the third semester in preparation for the baby’s first breath. 17

18. C________________ C_______________
SC.912.L.17.5 Population Size
What is represented by K on the graph to the left?
C________________ C_______________
Exponential Growth is represented by a _____ curve and Logistic an ______ curve.
What is the carrying capacity for the population in the graph to the left? __________ thousand.
Limiting Factors that regulate population growth can be non-living- ( A_____________) or living (B__________) K
Thousands
T or F A population moving into an area is immigration and out of an area emigration.
T or F Bacteria that cause a disease would be considered a abiotic living factor.
T or F Light is an abiotic limiting factor for organisms living in the aphotic zone.
T or F The predator prey relationship controls the population size of both species.
Photic zone
Aphotic zone
What would happen if the artic hare population decline do to a lack of food?
________________________________________________________________________ 18

19. Volcanoes, Pavement, Glacier retreat
T or F Primary succession start with bare rock and its
pioneer species are lichen and mosses.
T or F Secondary succession start with soil and follows a
disturbance such as a fire or plowing
Succession
Lichens & Moss
Characteristic
Primary
Secondary
Bare Rock
Volcanoes, Pavement, Glacier retreat
Regrowth after a
Fire or a disturbance
such as plowing a field
Starts with
Soil
Lichens
& Moss
Weed & Grasses
ROCK
Primary
Secondary
Pioneer
Weeds and Grasses
SOIL 19
Climax

20. Miller & Urey’s Experiment
SC.912.L.15.8 Origin of Life
T or F The 1st organisms to developed on Earth due
to the early environmental conditions on were
prokaryotic and anaerobic bacteria.
T or F In order for life to develop on earth synthesis of
organic molecules would have to of formed.
T or F Miller and Urey were able to “create” life.
T or F In Miller and Urey’s experiment they found it possible
to create similar organic molecules (amino acids)
found on primitive earth.
T or F Miller’s & Urey’s experiments were able to “model”
primitive earth.
Miller & Urey’s Experiment
Place in order the hypothesized order of origin of the following. Just Place the letter - (A), (B), (C), or (D)
(A) eukaryotic heterotrophs (B) prokaryotic anaerobes (C) eukaryotic autotrophs (D) prokaryote aerobes
__________________ __________________ ________________ ________________
no oxygen or nucleus oxygen and no nucleus nucleated plants nucleated consumers
(cyanobacteria)
The diagram below shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis.
Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage?
A. They had more DNA
B. They were able to make more use of available energy
Mitochondria 20

21. SC.912.L Natural Selection
Match the idea (theory) with the person belief.
D___________would state that Giraffe (letter) ____ would survive because it is the fittest.
L_________________ would argue that either Giraffe A or B could s___________ their necks and pass on the trait on to their offspring.
*They were known as A______________ traits A B C
T or F Mutations within a DNA sequence are
natural processes that produce genetic diversity.
T or F An organism with favorable genetic variations
will tend to survive and breed successfully
T or F Genetic drift refers to the change in a type of
genes in a population due to a random occurrence
and can lead to a change in biodiversity.
Is this genetic drift?
Yes or No
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that
undergoes no changes for a long period.
How will genetic drift probably affect this population?
T or F
A small portion of the population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased biodiversity..
A. It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits.
B. It will reduce genetic diversity 21

22. SC.912.L.15.6 Classification 22 Cladogram Autotrophic Heterotroph
1. Which species is most closely related to species K?
A. species E
B. species F
C. species G
D. species I
T or F
The cladogram shows
common ancestry.
Autotrophic
Heterotroph
Archae
Bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Unicellular
Multicellular
T or F DNA, Molecular, and chemical evidence have shed new light on the
classification of organisms.
T or F Both Plants and some Protist are autotrophic and able to photosynthesize. 22

23. (Same , Structure , Different Function)
SC.912.L.15.1 Evolution
Common Ancestor
Identify the following form of evidence that support common ancestry.
M_____________ (DNA)
H_______________ Structures
(Same , Structure , Different Function)
V ___________________
F_______________
“oldest evidence”
“Non-use”
E___________________
T or F The newest and most concise evidence supporting common ancestry
is molecular or DNA evidence. 23

24. * You may have to put skulls in order of evolution.
Human Evolution
Huh!
(Brow Ridge)
* You may have to put skulls in order of evolution.
Hominoid evolution changes in the skull include:
Larger cranium for a larger b_________.
Shorter jaw, less space for w______ teeth.
Face is flatter less pronation of the jaw . Face is ____ degrees.
A decrease in the b_______ ridge above the eyes.
Human learned to walk up right b________________
6. Modern mans scientific name is H______ s________ 24

25. SC.912.L.16.1 Genetics 25 *Blood Types
Using T and t write the possible Genotypes
Dominance- Homozygous_______ Heterozygous______ Phenotype is how something Recessive- Homozygous ______ ________________
Incomplete Dominance- Traits are Mixed
R W
Genotypic Ratio
__RR__RW__WW
Phenotypic Ratios
___R___P__ W
Cross 2 Heterozygous
pink plants… R W
All Pink
W W B B
In co-dominance both traits show.
*Blood Types 25

26. H-Normal h- hemophilia
Genetics Continued
Complete for the 4 blood types.
CODOMINANCE
Blood type O lacks antigens and is known as the Universal D____________
T or F A parent with blood type A and one with blood type B can have a child with blood type O.
Cross A with B
H-Normal h- hemophilia
Hemophilia is a sex linked disorder in which the blood doesn’t clot properly. A B
X Y
Possible Phenotypes
_____ % Normal
_____ % Carrier
_____ % Hemophilia X X
Pedigree 26

27. F.O.I.L
P- Purple
P- yellow
S- Smooth
S- Rough
PPSS (x) PpSs 3 27

28. SC.912.L.16.3 DNA Replication 28 Nucleic Acids
T or F In replication T is placed with U .
T or F Codons are composed of 3 Nitrogen bases
T or F Both replication and transcriptions occur in
the nucleus
T or F A nucleotide is composed of a phosphate,
sugar and nitrogen base. __
3. Translation – “Protein Synthesis”
T or F Occurs in the cytoplasm.
T or F Involves all 3 RNA’s .
T or F Creates polypeptide chains
by combining any of the 50
amino acids.
Nucleotide __
1. R_______________
ACT GCT GAG ACG
___ ___ ____ ____
Code for A-A
AUC- _______
GUA- ______
A C A ______
2. T________________
ACT GCT GAG ACU
___ ___ ____ ____ 28

29. T________________
N________________
C________________ 29

30. SUSTAINABILITY SC.912.L.17.20 Human Impact 30
T or F The burning of the fossil fuel coal released both CO2 and SO2 which can
lead to Global Warming and Acid Rain.
T or F One of the negative affects of wind power is its possibility to harm birds.
T or F Nuclear Energy is clean energy but can lead to a disaster if a meltdown occurs.
T or F Natural Gas is “cleaner” than burning coal.
T or F All energy comes from the Sun, even hydropower.
SUSTAINABILITY
T or F Invasive species such as the Burmese python can compete
with native species reduce the biodiversity in an ecosystem.
T or F Inbreeding can increase the passing on of harmful traits. 30

31. Which Suspect committed the crime?
SC.912.L Biotechnology
Human Genome Project
GMO,S
1. Stem cell research has been a controversial subject in past years. What is the reason for this?
A. Cells for study are often taken from human embryos.
B. Replacement tissue will never be grown from a person's own stem cells.
Stem Cells
2. The way that crimes are solved today was affected by which of the following technologies?
A. gene therapy
B. DNA fingerprinting
Which Suspect committed the crime?
# ____
Recombinant DNA
3. Which technology below would probably be the most important to a person who had diabetes and had to take insulin every day?
A. engineering fruits and vegetables that resist insects and other pests
B. using recombinant DNA to produce human hormones like (insulin) from bacteria.
Gene Therapy 32

32. Lakes Explain the general distribution of life in aquatic systems as a function of chemistry, geography, light depth, salinity, pressure and temperature.
True or False
1. As you go deeper the pressure increases. T or F
2. There are a greater number of organisms in the photic zone than the aphotic zone. T or F
3. You would find phytoplankton living in the aphotic zone. T or F
4. The deep bottom of the ocean is called the abyss. T or F
5. As you dive deeper the water temperature decreases (gets colder). T or F
6. The oceans water have a greater salinity than a lake. T or F
P________
Zone
B______
Zone
A_______
Zone
Temperature-
Pressure-
# of Organisms
DEPTH
Abyss