1. Chapter 13
41e - describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee

2. Word vomit
In two minutes list everything you know about American Indians/Native Americans!
Go!

3. Essential Questions
How did westward expansion impact the native populations?

4. The Plains Indians
Great Plains—grasslands in west-central portion of the U.S.
East: hunting, farming villages;
west: nomadic hunting, gathering
Horses, guns lead most Plains tribes to nomadic life by mid-1700s
Buffalo provides many basic needs
What can buffalo provide?

5. Sioux Camp (1891)

6. Settlers push Westward
Cultural Clash
How do you think the Indians thought about land?
How did this differ from the settlers?
1858 discovery of gold in Colorado draws tens of thousands
Mining camps, tiny frontier towns have filthy, ramshackle dwellings
Fortune seekers of different cultures, races; mostly men

8. The Government and Indian Policy
Railroads excerpt influence over Indian policy
1834, government designates Great Plains as one huge reservation
1850s, treaties define specific boundaries for each tribe

10. Blood shed Many battles rage between U.S. and Indians
1874 George A. Custer reports much gold in Black Hills, Gold Rush begins

11. Little Big Horn/Custer’s Last Stand
1876, Sitting Bull has vision of war at sun dance
Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Gall crush Custer’s troops
By late 1876, Sioux are defeated; some take refuge in Canada
people starving; Sitting Bull surrenders 1881

12. The Dawes Act
Assimilation—natives to give up way of life, join white culture
1887, Dawes Act to “Americanize” natives, break up reservations
gives land to individual Native Americans
sell remainder of land to settlers
money for farm implements for natives
In the end, Natives Americans receive only 1/3 of land, no money

13. The Dawes Act Video

14. Destruction of the Buffalo
Destruction of buffalo most significant blow to tribal life
Tourists, fur traders shoot for sport, destroy buffalo population

15. Wounded Knee
Seventh Cavalry takes about 350 Sioux to Wounded Knee Creek
Battle of Wounded Knee—cavalry kill 300 unarmed Native Americans
Battle ends Indian wars, Sioux dream of regaining old life
Brought the Indian Wars to a bitter end!

16. Wounded Knee

17. Cattle Business
After Civil War demand for meat increases in rapidly growing cities
Texas longhorns—sturdy, short-tempered breeds brought by Spanish
Cowboys not in demand until railroads reach Great Plains

18. Essential Questions
How did the U.S. settle westward after the Civil War?
What was the motivation and how was it fueled politically, economically, and socially?

19. AKS
40b - describe the impact of the railroads in the development of the West, including the transcontinental railroad, and the use of Chinese labor

20. Activator Why do you think people moved West?
What was their motivations?
What types of people went west?

21. People settled west to farm
1850–1871, huge land grants to railroads for laying track in West
1860s, Central Pacific goes east, Union Pacific west, meet in Utah
By 1880s, 5 transcontinental railroads completed
Railroads sell land to farmers, attract many European immigrants

23. Something to think about
What were the effects of the railroad expansion into the west?
What did it do for business and agriculture?
How about the Indians?

24. Government Support
1862 Homestead Act offers 160 acres free to any head of household
1862–1900, up to 600,000 families settle
Exodusters—Southern African-American settlers in Kansas
Did not work because land speculators and railroads bought up the land for their own gain

25. Essential Questions What was the Populist movement?
What were its origins and what happened to it?

26. AKS
41g - examine the problems of American farmers, solutions offered by populism in the late 19th Century and identify the major goals and achievements of the reformers

27. Farmers unite to combat economic distress
Farmers buy more land to grow more crops to pay off debts
After Civil War, government takes greenbacks out of circulation
Debtors have to pay loans in dollars worth more than those borrowed
Prices of crops fall dramatically

28. Farmers Unite (continued)
Railroad Problems
Lack of competition lets railroads overcharge to transport grain
Farms mortgaged to buy supplies; suppliers charge high interest
The Farmers’ Alliances
1867, Grange started
Purpose is educational, social; by 1870s, Grange fighting railroads

29. The Populist Party
Populism—movement of the people; Populist Party wants reforms
Economic: increase money supply, graduated income tax, federal loans
Political: Senate elected by popular vote; secret ballot; 8-hour day
Democratic Party eventually adopts platform

30. Gold Standard vs. Bimetallism

31. The Election of 1896
1896, Republicans commit to gold, select William McKinley
Democrats favor bimetallism, choose William Jennings Bryan
McKinley elected president; Populism collapses; leaves legacy:
the powerless can organize, have political impact
agenda of reforms enacted in 20th century

32. Describe what you have learned today in ONE word!