1. - Part 2 “2nd Industrial Revolution” & “The West” 1870 1890 1860s 1900
** Immigration
(1) Pg. 313: Top two paragraphs (right side) “In 1881, nearly three quarters … to seek jobs in the cities” – what was the impact of immigrants?
(2) Pg. 334 & top of 335: Who were the “new immigrants?”
(3) Pg. 336: Immigrants & Optimism – from the Russian Jewish woman’s quote, why was she optimistic?
(4) Pg. 339: Two paragraphs under heading “Immigrants’ Contributions to American Culture” – (1) what did immigrants bring to America, and (2) what were some individual contributions?

2. What does it mean to be an American?

3. “E Pluribus Unum”
“Out of many, One”

4. - Part 2 “2nd Industrial Revolution” & “The West” 1870 1890 1860s 1900
** Immigration
(1) Pg. 313: Top two paragraphs (right side) “In 1881, nearly three quarters … to seek jobs in the cities” – what was the impact of immigrants?
(2) Pg. 334 & top of 335: Who were the “new immigrants?”
(3) Pg. 336: Immigrants & Optimism – from the Russian Jewish woman’s quote, why was she optimistic?
(4) Pg. 339: Two paragraphs under heading “Immigrants’ Contributions to American Culture” – (1) what did immigrants bring to America, and (2) what were some individual contributions?

5. Impact of Immigrants …
Immigrants were willing to work for low wages due to tough competition for jobs; they were prepared to move in pursuit of economic opportunity; and all of this means factories have a huge, willing workforce ready to help fuel economic growth.

6. Handout, “New Immigrants and Old”
(1) What major differences between the “Old” and “New” immigrants stand out to you?
(2) Looking at the immigration statistics, what numbers stand out to you, and looking at the total U.S. population below (say, in 1870 it’s 38.5 million people), how might this affect the United States?
1870
- 5,567,229
1880
- 6,679,943
1890
- 9,249,547
1900
,341,276
1910
,515,886
1920
- 13,920,692

7. What does it mean to be an American?

8. What ideas do you see here?

9. What does it mean to be an American?

10. At the turn of the century, most immigrants to the united States settled in cities because…

11. (1) Availability of large numbers of jobs
(2) Excitement of city life

12. What is an immigrant?
An immigrant is a person who once resided somewhere else and now lives in your country.

13. Why They Came? Push Factors - Farm poverty and worker uncertainty
- Wars and compulsory military service
- Political tyranny
- Religious persecution
- Population pressures
Pull Factors
- Plenty of land and work
- Higher standard of living
- Democratic political system
- Opportunity for social advancement

14. What is Nativism?
** “Nativism” is a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants.
** Very negative connotation, with a racist and highly negative cultural sentiment.

15. “Old” Immigrants were WASPs – White, Anglo-Saxon protestants
Why Nativism?
Causes of nativism? (write these …)
Old – Northern Europeans: Ireland, Germany, England, and Scandinavian countries.
Before the Civil War (write this …)
“Old” Immigrants were WASPs – White, Anglo-Saxon protestants
- “Americanized”
- Immigration a “problem” …

17. Cultural Differences between …
“Old” Immigrants were WASPs – White, Anglo-Saxon protestants
- Newcomers needed to be “Americanized”
- Immigration a “problem to be solved”
“New” Immigrants were largely Catholic and Jewish
- Resisted complete “Americanization”

18. Efforts to retain the Culture:
“New” Immigrants
Largely urban dwellers - By 1900, percentage of foreign born …
Efforts to retain the Culture:
(1) “Saloon culture” versus the “Sunday Blue Laws” / Puritan culture …
(2) Practiced “Chain migration” …
(3) Parochial Schools …
(4) Settled in “Ethnic Enclaves” …

19. Tenement houses

20. Dangerous living conditions – pg. 345-346

21. Dangerous living conditions – “Great Chicago Fire” (1871)

22. Child Labor – pg. 328,

23. Dangerous working conditions – pg. 327-328

24. Attractions of City Life – pg. 350-352
Ashley

25. Mass Transit & Technology Improving City Life – pg. 343-344
1 Jan The Brooklyn Bridge, completed in 1883, linking Manhattan to Brooklyn
1 Jan 1887 – First electric street car, Richmond, VA.
1890 – 1 in 3 American live in cities