2. Patterns in U.S. Immigration US History: Spiconardi

3. Colonial Immigration The Immigrants The Immigrants Predominately EnglishPredominately English Also Scotch-Irish, some German, Swedish, and Dutch Also Scotch-Irish, some German, Swedish, and Dutch Africans via the slave trade Africans via the slave trade Reasons Reasons Political & Religious FreedomPolitical & Religious Freedom Improvement of economic standingImprovement of economic standing

4. Colonial Immigration Difficulties Faced Difficulties Faced Conflict over land with IndiansConflict over land with Indians Building of homes/farms in an unfamiliar territoryBuilding of homes/farms in an unfamiliar territory Contributions Contributions Government = Representative DemocracyGovernment = Representative Democracy Religion = Christianity (Protestantism)Religion = Christianity (Protestantism) Cultural traditionsCultural traditions

5. Old Immigration 1780s - 1850 The Immigrants The Immigrants Northern and Western EuropeanNorthern and Western European Irish, German, and Scandinavian Irish, German, and Scandinavian Reasons Reasons Irish = Potato famineIrish = Potato famine German = Political revolution in GermanyGerman = Political revolution in Germany

6. “Old” Immigration 1780s-1850 Difficulties Faced Difficulties Faced Irish and German Catholics faced discriminationIrish and German Catholics faced discrimination US predominately Protestant US predominately Protestant Feared Catholics more loyal to pope than USAFeared Catholics more loyal to pope than USA Americans feared economic competition posed by immigrants (cheap labor)Americans feared economic competition posed by immigrants (cheap labor)

10. “Old” Immigration 1780s-1850 Contributions Contributions Irish = Helped build railroads, canals, and worked in factoriesIrish = Helped build railroads, canals, and worked in factories Germans & Scandinavians = Brought newer farming techniques and kindergartenGermans & Scandinavians = Brought newer farming techniques and kindergarten

11. “New” Immigration: 1850-1924 The Immigrants The Immigrants Italy, Poland, Russia (Jews)Italy, Poland, Russia (Jews) China & JapanChina & Japan

12. “New” Immigration: 1850-1924 Reasons Reasons Farm poverty & job insecurityFarm poverty & job insecurity Available work and land opportunity in America Available work and land opportunity in America Wars & mandatory military serviceWars & mandatory military service Political uncertainty & tyrannyPolitical uncertainty & tyranny Democratic political system in United States Democratic political system in United States Religious Oppression Pogroms against Jews Higher standard of living Opportunity for social mobility

13. “New” Immigration: 1850-1924 Difficulties Faced Difficulties Faced Assimilation ProcessAssimilation Process Loss of native cultural values & traditions Loss of native cultural values & traditions Faced backlash from NativistsFaced backlash from Nativists Often violenceOften violence Job and housing discriminationJob and housing discrimination Life in the GhettoLife in the Ghetto Tenement housing & unsanitary conditions in the Northeast urban centers. Tenement housing & unsanitary conditions in the Northeast urban centers.

19. “New” Immigration: 1850-1924 Contributions Contributions Italians = masonryItalians = masonry Jews = Young ladies in the garment industryJews = Young ladies in the garment industry Poles & Slavs = Coal mines in PennsylvaniaPoles & Slavs = Coal mines in Pennsylvania Chinese = Labor on transcontinental railroad in the WestChinese = Labor on transcontinental railroad in the West