1. Unit 4
Imperialism

2. What does this picture represent?

3. Imperialism Imperialism—means empire building.
From approximately 1850 to 1914, Western Europe, US, Russia, & Japan engaged in building colonial empires around the globe.
Why would countries want to build empires around the world?

5. Second Industrial Revolution
the years from
witnessed the expansion of electricity, petroleum and steel
Caused countries to look to expand outside their borders

6. Second Industrial Revolution
Oil and petroleum
new power source for new transportation such as ocean liners, airplanes and the automobile.
Economies changed
Europeans could buy more goods- wages increased, prices decreased because of transportation, assembly line, and mass production of goods

7. Reasons for Imperialism
Social Darwinism-
philosophy used from Charles Darwin’s idea of natural selection to explain why some are rich and some are poor
Westernization-
philosophy that European and American culture are superior and others must assimilate into these cultures

8. Reasons for Imperialism
Social Gospel-
philosophy that wealth & talent should be used to improve the quality of life in other less fortunate nations
Christianization-
philosophy of spreading Christianity as the dominate religion; missionaries were used to do this

9. Reasons for Imperialism
Geopolitics-
political philosophy of controlling regions or resources for their strategic political or military value
Resources and New Markets-
industrialized countries needed access to raw materials and new markets of customers to buy their products

10. Reasons for Imperialism
Investment Opportunities –
business owners (bourgeoisie) had the opportunity to spread their businesses around the world
Military Superiority –
new military advances made possible by the industrial revolution made it easy to conquer the people of Africa and Asia

11. Reasons for Imperialism
Medical Advances –
advances in the understanding of medicine allowed Europeans to travel to dangerous environments
Transportation Advances –
advances in travel made possible by the steam power of the industrial revolution made it easier and faster for Europeans to travel to their empire.

12. Imperialism in Southeast Asia

13. Types of colonies
Protectorate-regions that has another distant country as an advisor; rely on another govt. for protection
France- control Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) for its natural resources & geopolitical value

15. Indirect Rule
local rulers maintain certain powers
Dutch will control Indonesia (Dutch East Indies) for its resources of tin, oil, & rubber sap

17. Direct Rule
System of colonial government in which the imperialist power controlled all levels of government and appointed its own officials to govern the colony
Great Britain- India

19. What were the benefits and disadvantages of people under Imperial rule?

20. David Livingston Famous British explorer and Christian Missionary
Popularized Africa through exploration of the Nile River and its resources

21. Imperialism in Africa
In the 1880s, Cecil Rhodes and his DeBeers Diamond Mines help renew interest in African colonization.
Berlin Conference
1884 meeting of 14 European nations to partition Africa
Partition means to divide
They wanted to prevent war over the plentiful natural resources of Africa

22. Imperialism in Africa
Belgian King Leopold II referred to it as a magnificent cake.
By 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent.

24. Belgians in the Congo
Their stated goals were to spread Christianity & to abolish slavery in Africa.
Their real purpose was to harvest natural resources like the sap from rubber plants
They used brutal tactics to force the Africans to work in harvesting natural resources

25. British in South Africa
Diamonds and Gold were the two real reasons that the British wanted to control

26. Impacts of imperialism in Africa
Negative:
poverty, slavery, unjust living conditions, and little control over their lives for the people of Africa
Abuse and Torture
Children treated like slaves
Little hope for the future

27. Impacts of Imperialism in Africa
Positive:
Education and clothes
Indirect rule from Britain

28. British India Sepoy Mutiny
The British East India Company was given permission by the British government to run the colony of India
Indian soldiers called Sepoys were hired by the East India Company to protect their business
Most Sepoys were Muslim or Hindu
Indians did not have same rights as British
Many British looked down on Indians because of their race
Sepoy Mutiny

29. Sepoy Mutiny
Sepoys were ordered to use rifle cartridge that was rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat
They refused to follow orders and were being thrown in jail
Hindus believe cows are sacred animals
Muslims believe pigs are unclean
Sepoys rioted and captured part of India
It took over 1 year for the British to regain control

30. Results
Rebellion was unsuccessful
British government took full control of India
Indian nationalism and desire for independence grew
British mistreatment of Indians grew

31. Opium Wars in Asia
British were trying to use the narcotic opium to gain unbalanced trade agreements with China
Chinese government tried to stop the opium trade by seizing British ships
British defeat the Chinese
Britain is given extraterritorial rights to the island city of Hong Kong ( )
a policy that guaranteed European citizens in China were only subject to the laws of their own nation and could only be tried by their own courts

32. Taiping Rebellion
Because of the corruption and greed of the Imperial Chinese Dynasties, the “great peace” nationalist rebellion occurred
It was led by Hong Xiuquan in an attempt to share China’s wealth
Chinese government aided by foreign governments will put it down
Western nations and Japan set up spheres of influence with regional warlords to gain exclusive trading rights or railroad-building and mining privileges in exchange for money.

33. Boxer Rebellion

34. Boxer Rebellion
Caused by the fear of foreign governments gaining too much control over Chinese people
Boxers (Chinese nationalist terrorist group) will attempt to kill off the white devils spreading Christianity and Western culture
European nations will put the rebellion down
Fearing tension created by European unbalanced treaties with China, United States Secretary of State John Hay proposed the Open Door Policy which would grant all nation’s equal trade access to China.

35. Japan
Seeing how China was treated, Japan refused to allow Western nations access to its ports
Under military pressure from the United States, Japan signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, which opened two ports to Western trade.
Japan
Samurai warriors in southern territories resisted and set up the Meiji government, which attempted to modernize Japan’s political, economic, and social structures.

36. Japan
By the early 1900s, Japan strengthened its military and started building an empire through expansion as Japan forced Korea to open its ports to Japanese trade, and China ceded land to Japan.
Japanese imitated Western literature and architecture, and Japanese arts and crafts and gardens became popular in Europe and North America.