1. The Plant Kingdom
Asexual Reproduction

2. All plants can reproduce sexually
Many plants can also reproduce asexually

3. Sexual Reproduction
Remember several things happen during the process of meiosis and sexual reproduction that create genetic variation in offspring.
Crossing over and independent orientation
Random fertilization

5. Asexual Reproduction Does not involve gametes
Gametes are produced through the process of meiosis
Only the process of mitosis is involved
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, so the offspring is identical to the parent.

7. Asexual Reproduction
Sometimes a portion of a plant forms the structures to make another complete plant
Sometimes the parent plant forms small complete plants called plantlets on special stems or leaves that can grow independently

9. Shoots from spreading roots
A cattail started from a seed can produce almost 100 shoots from spreading rhizomes in a single year.
Rhizome- thick, fleshy, horizontal underground stems that produce leaves or leaf-bearing branches
Plants like iris, bamboo, lilac, elderberry, grass, and many herbaceous weeds reproduce by rhizomes or shoots produced from spreading roots.

11. Bulbs
Bulb- collections of storage leaves that branch from small discs of underground stems
Once a bulb matures, tiny bulblets develop from lateral buds at the base of the parent plant.
Tulips, hyacinths, and daffodils, onion

13. Tubers
Tubers are underground stems that often produce abundant lateral buds, each of which may develop into a new plant.
The white or irish potato is a familiar example

15. Stolons Stolons are stems that produce plantlets at their nodes.
The plantlets grow heavy enough to bend the plant to the ground and root themselves
Adventitious roots- grow from a stem, a petiole, or a leaf
Strawberry plants, spider plants, eelgrass, and bermuda grass

17. Tissue Culturing Plant cells are like embryonic stem cells
Most plant cells have the ability to differentiate into all other types of plant cells.
The term describing these types of cells is totipotent.
Scientists can take a single cell with the desired genetic makeup and culture entire plants from that
This is called tissue culturing

18. Pros of Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction can be induced by humans.
Can reproduce clones that have beneficial characteristics
Usually quicker than planting a seed

19. Cons of Asexual Reproduction
Genetic variation is essential for the survival of a species
You might want to reproduce genetically identical plants because they have certain qualities that are beneficial, but by doing this you make the population susceptible to being wiped out.