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2. Lecture 13
MINERALS

3. OUTLINE OF LECTURE 13
MINERALS OVERALL-SOME GENERAL
COMMENTS
MAJOR MINERALS - ELECTROLYTES AND
NON-ELECTROLYTES
-SOURCES AND
FUNCTIONS
-IDATME
MINOR MINERALS-SOURCES AND

4. OUTLINE OF LECTURE 13
MINERALS-DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES
MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS

5. MINERALS-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS
SINGLE ATOMS
CAN BE CHARGED OR UNCHARGED
IN THE BODY
MAJOR -ARE FOUND IN THE BODY IN EXCESS
OF 5 GRAMS
-ELECTROLYTES AND MINERALS
MINOR- ARE FOUND IN THE BODY IN AMOUNTS
OF LESS THAN 5 GRAMS

6. MINERALS- GENERAL COMMENTS CONTINUED
MOST ESSENTIAL- WE CANNOT MAKE THEM
-SOME DEFICIENCIES HAVE NOT BEEN
ESTABLISHED FOR SOME MINOR MINERALS
MAKING IT UNCLEAR WHETHER THEY ARE
NEEDED IN THE DIET

7. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR MINERALS ?
ELECTROLYTES
IN PART RESPONSIBLE
FOR FLUID BALANCE IN BODY
SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CHLORIDE
MAJOR MINERALS
  CALCIUM, PHOSPHOROUS,
MAGNESIUM AND SULPHUR

8. SODIUM
FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, pH control, muscle function, nerve impulse transmission
SOURCES-processed foods

9. POTASSIUM
FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, pH control,
muscle function, nerve impulse transmission
SOURCES-fruits, vegetables, whole grains

10. CHLORIDE
FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, part of stomach acid
SOURCES-same as sodium

11. CALCIUM
FUNCTION-bone and teeth formation, blood clotting,
nerve transmission, muscle function, blood pressure
SOURCES –dairy, fortified orange juice, green leafy
vegetables, small fish with bones

12. PHOSPHOROUS
FUNCTION-bone and teeth formation, pH control, regulation of coenzyme function
SOURCES-all animal products, bread and ready to eat cereal

13. MAGNESIUM
FUNCTION- bone formation, nerve transmission,
protein and carbohydrate metabolism
(enzyme activity)
SOURCES-green leafy vegetables, nuts,
whole grains, seafood, chocolate

14. SULPHUR
FUNCTION-protein structure, component of biotin,
thiamin and insulin
SOURCES-all protein foods

15. MAJOR MINERALS-IDATME
INGESTION- ORAL, TUBE, INTRAVENOUS
DIGESTION – NOT BROKEN DOWN
ABSORPTION-ACTIVE TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT-FREE OR BOUND
FREE- EXAMPLES SODIUM AND
ALL OTHER MAJOR
MINERALS (EXCEPT SULPHUR)
BOUND - SODIUM CHLORIDE
-POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
-SULPHUR-INSULIN

16. MAJOR MINERALS-IDATME
METABOLISM- ALL READY IN CORRECT
FORM-MINERALS IN
=MINERALS OUT
EXCRETION- SWEAT, URINE, FAECES

17. AND NOW ONTO
MINOR MINERALS

18. IRON
FUNCTIONS- OXYGEN TRANSPORT- BLOOD AND MUSCLE
SOURCES-RED MEATS, TOFU, BREAD

19. ZINC
FUNCTIONS-TISSUE GROWTH AND WOUND HEALING, PART OF MANY ENZYMES IN ENERGY AND NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM
IMMUNE FUNCTION, VITAMIN A TRANSPORT, INSULIN FUNCTION
SOURCES-MEAT, FISH, POULTRY, BEANS

20. IODINE
FUNCTIONS-PART OF THYROID HORMONES THAT REGULATE GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND
METABOLIC RATE
SOURCES-SEAFOOD, IODIZED SALT, BREAD

21. SELENIUM
FUNCTIONS-ANTIOXIDANT
SOURCES-SEAFOOD, LIVER, GRAINS FROM SELENIUM RICH SOIL

22. COPPER
FUNCTIONS-HEMOGLOBIN FORMATION,
PART OF SEVERAL ENZYMES, USED IN ENERGY METABOLISM
SOURCES-ORGAN MEATS, SEAFOOD, NUTS

23. MANGANESE
FUNCTIONS-PART OF ENZYMES IN FAT SYNTHESIS, GROWTH, AND BLOOD CLOTTING
SOURCES -WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN FOODS

24. FLUORIDE
FUNCTIONS-TOOTH ENAMEL MAINTENANCE,
RESISTANCE TO DENTAL DECAY,BONE FORMATION AND INTEGRITY
SOURCES-FLUORIDATED WATER(NATURAL OR
OTHERWISE, TEA)

25. CHROMIUM
FUNCTIONS-CO-FACTOR FOR INSULIN
SOURCES-MEAT, WHOLE GRAIN, NUTS,CHEESE

26. MOLYBDENUM
FUNCTIONS-COMPONENT OF MANY ENZYMES- WORKS WITH RIBOFLAVIN TO INCORPORATE IRON INTO HEMOGLOBIN
SOURCES –MILK, LEGUMES, BREAD, GRAINS

27. MINOR MINERALS-IDATME
INGESTION- ORAL, TUBE, INTRAVENOUS
DIGESTION – NOT BROKEN DOWN
ABSORPTION-ACTIVE, FACILITATED AND
OCCASIONALLY SIMPLE
TRANSPORT-FREE – RARE- E.G. IODINE
-BOUND- VERY COMMON-
MOSTLY PROTEIN
E.G. IODINE, IRON

28. MINOR MINERALS
METABOLISM- TO CORRECT FORM AS
REQUIRED
EXCRETION- SWEAT, URINE, FAECES

29. MINERAL TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES
NOT LIKELY IF ONE IS FOLLOWING A PROPER TRAINING DIET
PROPER TRAINING DIET GIVES SUFFICIENT MINERALS
MINERALS AND THE MACRONUTRIENTS THEY METABOLISE OR PROTECT FREQUENTLY COME IN A PACKAGE

30. MINERAL TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES
DEFICIENCY-LOSS OF FUNCTION
TOXICITY –METABOLIC INTERFERENCE

31. THUS THERE IS AN INTEGRATION
OF SOURCE, FUNCTION,
DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY
REMEMBER THAT SOURCE CAN
INCLUDE SUPPLEMENTS INCLUDING PILLS

32. MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS- WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY- NEED MORE MINERALS
MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS- WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY- NEED MORE MINERALS? – EAT MORE FOOD

33. MORE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS IN
THE DIET MORE MINERALS IN THE DIET
CONTAINING THE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS TO ASSIST WITH THE METABOLISM OF THE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS.
EVERYTHING IS INTEGRATED
IT IS A PACKAGE DEAL!!

34. MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS
COPPER
ZINC
SELENIUM

35. VITAMIN TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES
SLIDE ON INCREASING VITAMINS WITH INCREASED CALORIES

36. NOTE THE COOPERATION BETWEEN MINERALS

37. SUMMARY OF LECTURE 13
MINERALS OVERALL-SOME GENERAL
COMMENTS
MAJOR MINERALS - ELECTROLYTES AND
NON-ELECTROLYTES
-SOURCES AND
FUNCTIONS
-IDATME
MINOR MINERALS-SOURCES AND

38. SUMMARY OF LECTURE 13
MINERALS-DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES
MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS

39. NEXT LECTURE – DIETARY MINERALS IN SPORTS