1. Republicans v. Democrats
Political Parties
Republicans v. Democrats
Republican
Democrats

2. A brief history of political parties
Federalists and Anti-Federalists were the first political parties – disagreement over the Constitution How much power should the National Government have?

3. History continued
Federalists soon faded under opposition by the Democratic-Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republicans would soon become the modern day Democratic party with opposition from the newly formed Whig party

4. History continued
Our current system emerged in 1854 when the Republican party, or Grand Old Party (GOP) was born. Support bases for these parties has changed over the years. Republicans were initially formed to fight slavery (Lincoln was a Republican), and they had the support of minorities.

5. Portrayal of Democrats and Republicans

6. History continued
Since FDR and the Great Depression, along with Johnson’s Great Society and the Civil Rights Movement, minorities are largely supported the Democrats.

8. Third Parties
Third parties do emerge from time to time and impact elections (Nader in 2000 and 2004). Third parties are most often formed in response to specific issues and lack policies on all aspects of running the country, and therefore fail to get long-lasting support. These are called single-issue parties.
Third parties have a hard time getting on ballots in most states and people think they are wasting their vote by voting for a third party.

9. Third Parties continued
Third parties contribute:
by making the two major parties focus on certain issues
If the third party and their issue get enough attention the other two parties are forced to deal with that issue.
No third party candidate has ever won the presidency, but they have influenced election outcomes.

11. The two party system Voters have a choice, but it is limited
Clearly defined platforms and clearly defined opposition
Gives the individual a chance to get involved with a cause

12. The Functions of Political Parties
Selecting candidates - through primaries and national conventions
Set goals for government - parties have platforms made up of planks, which are ideas for what government should do
Play watchdog - if Republicans are in power, Democrats act as a check on that power and vice versa

13. Functions of Political Parties, continued
Give people a voice - like-minded people band together in political parties to improve their chances of getting their problems or issues heard by government
It is customary for candidates to give jobs to campaign workers who helped him or her get elected. This is called patronage.

15. Election Process
Candidates for office must first go through primaries to narrow down the field to one nominee from both of the major political parties.
Primaries can be open or closed. Some states use a caucus instead of a primary to choose candidates.
Candidates for President are whittled down to one after the Democratic and Republican National Conventions.
A general election is then held to decide the winner between the Democrat, Republican and any third party candidates. Everyone votes in the general election.

16. More Campaigning
Candidates also seek endorsements from famous people or retired politicians. Remember the President helps members of his party campaign.
Candidates also use propaganda which is a type of message aimed at influencing your opinions. There are six types: glittering generalities, bandwagon, stack cards, name calling, “just plain folks,” and image molding.

17. Six Types of Campaign Propaganda
Glittering Generalities: emotionally appealing words that are associated with highly values concepts.
Bandwagon: people believing and getting involved in certain activities because others are involved.
Name Calling: pointing out the weaknesses or inconsistencies of other opposing candidate.
Just Plain Folks: stating that the candidate is just like everyday people.
Image molding-creating an image that is appealing to majority of the people
Stack Cards - technique that seeks to manipulate audience perception of an issue by emphasizing one side and repressing another

18. Campaigning
Candidates raise money through both private and public donations. PACs also contribute heavily to political campaigns through its lobbyists.
A Political Action Committee is a group that wants to have their cause heard by the government, so they contribute money to gain influence. This is bad because the candidate now “owes” something to the PAC. However, PACs also distribute information that politicians might not normally have access to.