1. Comparison of GHG methodologies: UK, NL, Germany, JRC
EC Expert Meeting
Brussels 17-18th July 2007
Greg Archer, Director Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership
based on UK/ Netherlands/ Germany meeting on 15th June 2007

2. Summary of methodological approaches (i)UK NL
Germany (consultants recommendations)
JEC study
Fuel Chains
Biofuel only
Biofuel and biomass for elec
+ lignocellulosic
All significant alternative road fuels and electricity
WTW System boundaries
All in theory
In practice minor emissions from machinery manufacturing & maintenance excluded
In practice minor emissions from machinery, manufacturing & maintenance excluded

3. Summary of methodological approaches (ii)UK NL
Germany (consultant recommendation)
JEC study
Direct land use change
All included in theory – 2005 Base
In practice limited defaults defined based on IPCC
Similar approach to UK in practice but will incl set-aside
All included in practice
2007 Base
Not included in GHG balance; discussed as GHG payback time.
Ref land use is unfertilised grassland in 1 crop rotation (determines N20 emissions).
Indirect LUC (incl displacement, crop rotation etc)
Not included (ex-post facto analysis + calc)
Not included (but pressure to include)
Included (risk adder approach for displacement)
Ref land use is unfertilised grassland in 1 crop rotation

4. Summary of methodological approaches (iii)UK NL
Germany
(consultants recommendation)
JEC study
Reference residue / waste management
Assume zero default with option to prove actual
Same approach but biomethane may have a value
Assume zero default with no option to demonstrate actual
Straw: incorporated
Forest residues zero
Manure: direct fertilizer
Food waste: zero
Co-product allocation
Substitution except for energy application
Market value where substitution and energy not applicable
Substitution in theory
In practice almost all market value
All energy content (lower heating value)
Substitution: multiple results for various likely co-product uses.
Mixed lignocellulose processes giving fuel + electricity get credit from bio-electricity reference.

5. Carbon intensity calculation boundaries
UK assess ex post
Indirect
land use
Direct
Cultivation &
Cultivation &
land use
harvest
harvest
Feedstock
Biofuel
Biofuel
transport
production
transport
Waste
Waste
material
material
Alternative
Germany – (recommended) boundaries
waste
management
All exclude minor sources, from:
UK + NL + JEC boundaries •
Manufacture of machinery or
equipment •
PFCs ,
HFCs
, SF 6

6. Conclusions / Next Steps from June 15 mtg
Use 1995 IPPC (100year) for global warming potential factors
Where international data is available this should be used as basis for defaults e.g. FAO, IPCC, IEA, JRC/EUCAR/CONCAWE
Co-product allocation previously agreed as substitution with UK & NL but NL found substitution difficult in practice.
UK & NL to share info and review approach to co-product allocation
NL to use UK/DE data on co-product allocation to find relative difference between chains using these different approaches
NL & UK to calculate carbon intensity for 1 full chain w/o co-product allocation
Undertake high level default value comparison
DE expect to be able to participate in August