1. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

2. MUSCULAR SYSTEM The muscular system has three major functions:
Producing motion
Providing stability
Generating heat
Muscles are not able to push.
There are 600 different types of muscles
Muscle cells are elongated.
Contraction is due to movement of microfilaments

3. Occuli
Facial Buccinators
Sternomastoid
Pectoralis Major
Bicep Brachii
Abdominals
External Oblique
Sartorius
Quadriceps
Extensor Digitorum
Tibialis Anterior

4. Trapezius
Deltoid
Tricep
Latissimus Dorsi
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstring
Gastrocnemius

5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSCLES
Different Types of Muscles Diagram
There are three different types of muscles:
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

6. Structure of a Skeletal Muscle
SKELETAL MUSCLES
About them…
Structure of a Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscles are voluntary and help you move. They are attached to your bones. They have the ability to contract (shorten) and thereby bring about movement. Skeletal muscle fibers contain numerous nuclei and mitochondria.
Skeletal muscles make up 90% of your muscles.
Under some conditions, skeletal muscles require no conscious thought.
Skeletal muscles can be found in the tongue, pharynx, and some muscles of the eyes.
Function: locomotion, posture, transport of blood/lymph, heat production.
Skeletal muscles make up 85% of your body’s heat production.

7. SMOOTH MUSCLES About smooth muscles… Smooth muscles cells
Smooth muscles include the muscles of internal organs and blood vessels. These muscles move involuntary. Their movement is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
They are found in your digestive organs. They make up 7-8% of your body. Smooth muscles are found in the internal walls of your digestive organs, trachea, gall bladder, blood vessels, urinary bladder, genital ducts and iris of eyes.
Functions: propulsion, expulsion, regulation of openings and of blood vessels.

8. Diagram of a cardiac muscle
CARDIAC MUSCLES
About them…
Diagram of a cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart and also involuntary. They differ from skeletal muscles because their muscle fibers are laterally connected to each other. Cardiac muscles are also controlled by the sinus node which is influenced by the autonomic nervous system.
Cardiac muscles make up to 3% of your muscles.
Function: moves through heart and vessels.

9. MUSCLE MOVEMENT Involuntary- Automatically move without you knowing.
Voluntary- Brain sends message to muscle. You control the movements.

10. MOVEMENT DEFINITIONS Abductor - moves a limb away from the midline
Adductor - moves a limb towards the midline
Extensor - increase the angle at a joint - extends a limb
Flexor - decreases the angle at a joint - flexes a limb
Pronator - turns a limb to face downwards
Supinator - turns a limb to face upwards
Rotator - rotates a limb
Sphincter - closes an orifice of opening

11. MUSCLE TERMS
Flexor  A muscle whose contraction bends a limb or other part of the body.
Extensor  A muscle whose contraction extends or straightens a limb or other part of the body.
Actin  A protein that forms (with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells.
Myosin  A fibrous protein that forms (together with actin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion
Tendons  connects muscles to bones
Sarcomeres  Basic compartments of myofilaments – functional unit

12. TYPES OF INJURIES Strain- Muscle “pull” or “strain”
- Tearing a muscle fiber(s), followed by bleeding or swelling of muscle
Muscle Cramp- Prolonged contraction of muscle, ion imbalance

13. Muscle Pairs
Your muscles work in teams to move your body. An example of this is your Bicep and Tricep.

14. TERMINOLOGY
-myo: muscle
-mys: muscle
-sarco: flesh

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE TISSUES
Excitability  ability to receive and respond to stimulus
Contractibility  ability to shorten and thicken
Extensibility  ability to stretch
Elasticity  ability to return to original shape

16. THANK YOU 
Daniela, Erick & Jamila