1. Napoleon Forges an Empire
Section-3
Napoleon Forges an Empire
Napoleon Bonaparte, a military genius, seizes power in France and makes himself emperor.

2. Napoleon wins stunning victories in Italy, gaining popularity
Napoleon Seizes Power
Section-3
Early Life
Napoleon Bonaparte—born in Corsica, attends military school, joins army
Hero
In 1795, Napoleon defeats royalist rebels who were attacking the National Convention
Napoleon wins stunning victories in Italy, gaining popularity
News of his defeats in Egypt is suppressed

3. Coup d'état This ends the French Revolutionary Period.
In November 1799, he carries out coup d’état—seizure of power
This ends the French Revolutionary Period.
Napoleon defeats British, Russians, Austrians who join forces against him
Section-3
Napoleon Forges an Empire
Napoleon Seizes Power

4. New constitution is approved through plebiscite—vote of the people
Napoleon Rules France
Vote of Approval
New constitution is approved through plebiscite—vote of the people
This constitution gave all real power to Napoleon

5. Restoring Order at Home
To fix economy, he sets up national banking system, efficient tax collection
Establishes lycées—government-run public schools to train officials
Signs concordat—agreement—with pope restoring Catholicism in France
Creates Napoleonic Code—uniform system of laws

6. Napoleon Crowned as Emperor
Napoleon Rules France
Napoleon Crowned as Emperor
In December 1804, Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France

8. Loss of American Territories
Napoleon Creates an Empire
Loss of American Territories
In 1801, Napoleon attempts to retake colony of Saint Domingue but fails
Gives up on the Americas and concentrates on Europe
Sells the Louisiana Territory to United States for $15 million in 1803
Continued…

11. Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden join forces against Napoleon
Conquering Europe
Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden join forces against Napoleon
Napoleon crushes enemy forces in several brilliant battles
Napoleon forces Austria, Russia, Sweden to sign peace treaties
Continued…

12. The Battle of Trafalgar
In 1805, British win Battle of Trafalgar—ensures British naval superiority
Horatio Nelson
T-boned them. Melee ensued.
This defeat forces Napoleon to give up plan of invading Britain
What is Britain’s best defense?

14. France vs. Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden
The French Empire
Napoleon wins Battle of Austerlitz
Dec. 2, 1805
France vs. Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden

20. The French Empire
Napoleon controls Europe except for Britain, Portugal, Sweden, Ottomans
Has puppet rulers in some countries, alliances with others
French Empire reaches largest extent from 1807 to 1812

22. Arc de Triomphe honors those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces.

24. Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Section-4
Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Napoleon’s conquests aroused nationalistic feelings across Europe and contributed to
his downfall.

25. The Continental System
Section-4
Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
The Continental System
Napoleon strikes Britain through blockade—forced closing of ports
Continental System—economic plan to strengthen Europe, weaken Britain
Smugglers and uncooperative allies make France’s blockade fail
Continued…

26. The Continental System
Section-4
Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
The Continental System
Britain responds with blockade of its own, led by its stronger navy
Americans fight Britain in War of 1812; war does no major damage to Britain
Continued…

27. The war resolved many issues which remained from the American Revolutionary War but involved no boundary changes. The United States declared war on June 18, 1812, for several reasons, including trade restrictions brought about by the British war with France, the impressment of US merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support for Native American tribes against European American expansion, outrage over insults to national honor after humiliations on the high seas, and possible US interest in annexing British territory.

28. Napoleon‘s Costly Mistakes {continued}
The Peninsular War
Napoleon sends troops across Spain to attack Portugal, causing protest
Napoleon makes his brother king of Spain, making things worse
Continued…

29. British aid Spanish guerrillas
The Peninsular War
Spanish fight as guerrillas—small groups that attacked and then disappear
British aid Spanish guerrillas
Napoleon loses 300,000 soldiers during this Peninsular War
Nationalist rebels fight the French in other conquered territories
Continued…

31. Relations with Russia break down, Napoleon decides to invade
Napoleon‘s Costly Mistakes {continued}
The Invasion of Russia
Relations with Russia break down, Napoleon decides to invade
In June 1812, Napoleon’s army marches into Russia with 420,000 men

33. Russians use scorched-earth policy—destroying crops and livestock
Napoleon‘s Costly Mistakes {continued}
The Invasion of Russia
Russians use scorched-earth policy—destroying crops and livestock
In September 1812, Russians fell back after Battle of Borodino, and gave Moscow to Napoleon.

34. Napoleon finds Moscow abandoned and burning
Napoleon‘s Costly Mistakes {continued}
The Invasion of Russia
Napoleon finds Moscow abandoned and burning
Napoleon retreats, losing thousands of soldiers to raids & cold weather

35. Napoleon Suffers Defeat
Napoleon‘s Downfall {continued}
Napoleon Suffers Defeat
Britain, Prussia, Sweden, Russia, Austria join forces against Napoleon
Napoleon raises another army, but meets quick defeat by allied powers
Napoleon finally surrenders and is exiled to island of Elba

36. Napoleon‘s Downfall {continued}
The Hundred Days
Louis XVIII, new king, is soon overthrown and Napoleon returns from exile
Waterloo—British & Prussian forces defeat Napoleon’s army
Napoleon met his Waterloo at Waterloo.
Examples of “meeting one’s Waterloo”
Duke of Wellington
This defeat ends Hundred Days—Napoleon’s last attempt at power

41. Klemens von Metternich: Austrian Prime Minister
The Congress of Vienna
Section-5
After exiling Napoleon, European leaders at the Congress of Vienna try to restore order and reestablish peace after 25 years of almost continual war.
Klemens von Metternich: Austrian Prime Minister

42. The Holy Roman Empire was formally dissolved on August 6th 1806, when the last Holy Roman Emperor Francis I abdicated, following a military defeat by Napoleon at Austerlitz.

44. Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed Switzerland made independent
Section-5
The Congress of Vienna
Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued}
Problem #1: The Containment of France: surround France with stable countries
Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed
Switzerland made independent
Continued…

45. Problem #1: The Containment of France
Section-5
The Congress of Vienna
Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued}
Problem #1: The Containment of France
Kingdom of Sardinia is strengthened by adding Genoa
Continued…

46. Problem #1: The Containment of France
Section-5
The Congress of Vienna
Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued}
Problem #1: The Containment of France
Austria dominates new German Confederation of 39 German states
Continued…

47. Problem #2: Balance of Power: no country could threaten another
The Congress of Vienna
Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued}
Section-5
Problem #2: Balance of Power: no country could threaten another
Metternich wanted to restore Europe’s royal families to where they were before Napoleon.
European powers weaken France but leave it mostly intact
Continued…

48. Legitimacy—monarchs removed by Napoleon are returned to thrones
Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued}
Problem #3 Legitimacy: rightful rulers should be restored to their positions of power
Legitimacy—monarchs removed by Napoleon are returned to thrones
Leaders hope to restore order through these changes

49. Fair treatment=no more wars
Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued}
Legitimacy
Congress of Vienna succeeds in getting all European governments together
Fair treatment=no more wars

50. Legitimacy and Conservatism
Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued}
Legitimacy and Conservatism
European nations agree to preserve peace, which lasts almost 40 years
Not a world war until 1914: The Great War

51. Conservatism: belief in Tradition Institutions Aristocracy
Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued}
Conservatism: belief in
Tradition
Institutions
Aristocracy
Conservatism: does not believe in:
Liberal Reform (Enlightenment)
Popular Government
Nationalism

52. Holy Alliance—Russia, Prussia, Austria pledge to fight revolution
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
Conservative Europe
Holy Alliance—Russia, Prussia, Austria pledge to fight revolution
What does this mean?

53. GREAT BRITAIN did not participate in this.
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
Conservative Europe
Concert of Europe—European nations pledge to help fight revolutions (maintain internal stability)
GREAT BRITAIN did not participate in this.

54. Stability between states (countries) aka: External stability
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
Concert of Europe
Stability between states (countries)
aka: External stability

55. What does this liberalism mean?
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
Conservative Europe
Conservative governments rule across Europe, but new ideas (liberalism) have impact
What does this liberalism mean?

56. Revolutions in Latin America
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
Revolutions in Latin America
Napoleon’s replacing king of Spain set off rebellions in Spanish America
Many former colonies of Spain and Portugal gain independence

57. Britain and Prussia gain power
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
Long-Term Legacy
Britain and Prussia gain power
spreading nationalism leads to revolutions

59. Political Changes Beyond Vienna
Metternich Rap
Metternich
Aristocracy
Nationalists
Liberals
Coachman of Europe
Talleyrand (fr)
Keep order
Censor the press
Conservative order
Holy Alliance:
39 German state confederation
1848 revolutions
Like Trump builds walls