1. Demography and Migration

2. Do Now 10/24/16
On a sheet of notebook paper, write your name and class period at the top right corner. Write today’s date, and below it:
define function and structure
Use each word in a separate sentence below its definition.

3. Do Now 10/25/16
Get your sheet of notebook paper out that we have used to work on vocabulary. Write today’s date, and below it:
define conflict and immigrate.
Use each word in a separate sentence below its definition.

4. Do Now 10/26/16
Get your sheet of notebook paper out that we have used to work on vocabulary. Write today’s date, and below it:
define contribute and abandon.
Use each word in a separate sentence below its definition.

5. Do Now 10/27/16
Get your sheet of notebook paper out that we have used to work on vocabulary. Write today’s date, and below it:
define series and controversy.
Use each word in a separate sentence below its definition.
Vocab is due today!

6. Do Now 10/28/16
Have a seat and be ready for the My City Activity!
We will watch the news at the end if we have time.

7. Do Now 10/31/16
On a sheet of notebook paper, write your name and class period at the top right corner. Write today’s date, and below it, define:
alter and shift.
Use each word in a separate sentence below its definition.

8. Do Now 11/1/16
Get your sheet of notebook paper out that we have used to work on vocabulary. Write today’s date, and below it:
Define postindustrial and megalopolis.
Use each word in a separate sentence below its definition.

9. Do Now 11/9/15
Turn in any missing USA Vocab. Activities or your Vocab. Warm-Up from Friday to the bins.
On a sheet of notebook paper, write your name and class period at the top right corner.
We will be taking a common assessment today, and this will be your answer sheet.
Do not write on the class set!

10. Do Now 11/10/15
Summarize your notes from last week. We will begin taking notes again today. (Demography and Migration)
Tomorrow is Veteran’s day. Please thank your parents or family members that have served.
Presentation and Reception tomorrow at 8:15am in the auditorium.

11. Do Now 11/11/15
Summarize your notes from yesterday. Note summaries will be a grade on Friday.
Turn in any late Guided Readings.
Today is Veteran’s day. Please thank your parents or family members that have served.

12. Do Now 11/12/15
Summarize your Cornell Notes at the bottom of each page. I will take these for a grade on Friday.
Today is the last day to turn in the Guided Reading from Monday.

13. Do Now 11/13/15
I will be grading your Cornell notes today. (The first 2 pages of Demography and Migration – 4 summaries)
Have them out and ready.

14. Demography statistical study of human populations
Refugees: people forced from land, cannot return: example Sudan.

16. The Demographic Transition Model
Reminder:
Not all countries populations will follow the Demographic Transition Model. It is inaccurate as a method of projecting population growth. Such projections have rarely been accurate.

17. The Demographic Transition Model
Stage 1 – Birth Rate and Death Rate are high. Population increase is slow; 1%

19. The Demographic Transition Model
Stage 2 – Birth Rate is falling slower and Death Rate is lower than Birth Rate
Population increase is fast; 3%- doubles in 25 year.

21. The Demographic Transition Model
Stage 3 – Birth Rate and Death Rate are low. Population increase is Slow or Stagnant.

23. Causes or Explanations
Stage 1:
Mostly agricultural, Western Europe 1750s; Africa 1950s. (High infant mortality) Children needed to work on subsistence farms- large families.

24. Causes or Explanations
Stage 2:
Causes of fall in death rate:
1. Vaccines and medicine (lead to fall in infant mortality rate)
2. Hygiene.
3. Food- better diet
4. Clean water
Cause of fall in birth rate:
Population moves from rural (farms) to urban (towns)- urbanization: birth rate slowly falls.

25. Causes or Explanations
Stage 3:
Society now predominately urban and countries are economically advanced (Small families)

26. Demography
A population pyramid is really just a series of bar graphs that graphically show the age groups by sex of a population.

27. Population Pyramids Vertical Axis - Age Horizontal Axis - Population
Data on these axes may be divided differently

28. Population Pyramids Cohorts - Age bands
Can be wider (0-14, 15-64, and 65+)
Can be narrower
Horizontal Axis can represent actual population or percentage

29. Population Pyramid Uses
get a "picture" of a population's structure.
make it easy to see which parts of the population are smaller or larger
show how the population may be growing, declining or static

30. Population Pyramid Uses
Help leaders decide how to best use gov. funds to serve their people
Ex: a country with long cohorts 0-4 and 5-9 would look at building more schools.
What about countries with longer cohorts at 65-69?

31. Creating Projected Pyramids
move the current bands for each age group up the pyramid according to the # of years into the future you want to go

32. Creating Projected Pyramids
predict
how many new births should be added to bottom of pyramid
how many people in each age group will die
especially older cohorts
how many people in each age group will migrate into or out of the country

34. Projected Pyramids not always predicted correctly
1980s - did not anticipate AIDS
how deadly
how quickly it spread
over-predicted Africa's pop. in 1980s

35. Migration
the permanent movement of people (i.e. not daily commute to work/ school)

36. Net in-migration
when immigration is greater than emigration, ex. USA (country), Texas (State)

38. Net out-migration
when emigration is greater than immigration, ex. Honduras (country), New York (State)

39. The Partition 1947 (India/Pakistan)
Cause
PUSH
Example of Push
PULL
Example of PULL
Natural/Physical
Disease
Black death
Climate- pleasant
Retire to Florida
Climate-drought
Somalia
Hurricane
Galveston- Ike
Earthquake
Tsunami in Japan
Political
Political repression
Iraq
Political freedom
USA
War
World War II
Discrimination
The Great Migration (African Americans from S to N) s
Political instability
The Partition (India/Pakistan)
Social
Marriage
Poor chance of marrying
Religious freedom
Health care
Lack of Hospital
Near good hospital
High crime rate
City centers
Family links
Chain migration *
Education
Parts of SAISD
NISD
Economic
High land prices
California
Land prices
San Antonio
Lack of land –poor farms
Lack of land reform – Latin America Rural to urban
Availability of land
Immigration to USA- move west
Lack of jobs
Detroit (Auto) NE= Rustbelt
Growing economy
Houston oil boom South= Sunbelt
Pollution
Chernobyl- nuclear accident
Forced
Slavery

40. Urban and Rural Geography
A continuation of Demography and Migration

41. Settlement Location 1.Factors determining village site: Agriculture:
Soil, water for irrigation: therefore coastal plains and river valleys.

42. Settlement Location
2. With agriculture surplus (esp. in major river valleys) comes growth of specialization
people working as artisans (potters, weavers) & administrators.
With growth of population & trade comes urbanization- growth of proportion of people living in towns

43. Key factors determining location and growth of cities
3. Key resources:
Texas town- oil (Atlas p.44)
Houston
California- gold (44)
San Francisco
Pennsylvania- coal/ Iron ore (44)
Pittsburg

44. Key factors determining location and growth of cities
4. Key transport connections:
Crossing Mississippi (Atlas p. 112)
St. Louis
Midwest transport hub (Atlas p. 112)
Chicago

45. Key factors determining location and growth of cities
5. Key trading site (esp. Change in transport systems):
Major port cities (Atlas p.43)
New York, New Orleans, and Los Angeles

46. Key factors determining location and growth of cities
6. Defense: Any ideas- think ancient cities?
Think: France and Israel.
Paris- island in the river Seine.
Jerusalem and Athens- on hills.

47. Key factors determining location and growth of cities
7. Market towns that serve agricultural land:
Many important major cities started as market towns for rich agricultural areas:
San Antonio, London, Baghdad……
Cattle town in Texas Panhandle: Amarillo.

48. Key factors determining location and growth of cities
8. Tourism: Historical reasons:
San Antonio-the Alamo
Special laws (gambling): Las Vegas and New Orleans

49. Key factors determining location and growth of cities
9. Unique circumstances: New capital cities:
Capital of Brazil. Brasilia.
Two major reasons: coastline defense and develop inland territory

50. Rural Geography
1. Much of the world, especially Africa, Asia, South America still practice:
Subsistence agriculture – food produced for needs of family/village
(not for sale in market)
Includes – shifting cultivation: (slash & burn) clears trees, burns and farms until fertility declines (leaching)

51. Rural Geography
Pastoralism – or nomadic herding– herding animals – a nomadic (moving) form of life: mostly in semi-arid climates.

52. Rural Geography
Domestication – tame plants and animals for own use; led to agriculture and settlement.

53. Rural Geography 2. Most developed countries practice:
Commercial agriculture – or Market Based Agriculture – farmers produce crops for sale at a profit.

54. Rural Geography
Agribusiness– specialized commercial farming, usually huge farms owned by large companies which package food.

55. Urbanization
Since 1750s the most important type of migration has been RURAL TO URBAN migration. Thus developed, industrialized nations have a higher percentage urban (70%) than developing, mostly agricultural countries. However, today many developing and middle- income countries are urbanizing rapidly.

56. Urbanization
Some cities have become so huge and important that they are known as world cities –
huge urban areas, important for economic power and wealth.
ex. New York, London, Shanghai, Tokyo.

57. Urban Land Use
CBD (Central Business District)– offices, stores, transport hubs in center of cities (downtown)

58. Urban Land Use
Edge Cities – similar services as in a CBD but on major highways/ring roads (ex 1604/ Katy/ Arlington).

59. Urban Problems
1. Congestion, Pollution
2. Water supply

60. Central Place Theory
Geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size, and location of human settlements in an urban system.