1. PROPAGANDA
TYPES AND EXAMPLES

2. WHAT IS PROPAGANDA?
systematic manipulation of public opinion, generally by the use of symbols such as flags, monuments, oratory, and publications.
Modern propaganda is distinguished from other forms of communication in that it is consciously and deliberately used to influence group attitudes.

3. BANDWAGON: “GET ON THE BANDWAGON”
EVERYONE IS DOING IT – YOU SHOULD TOO!
YOU DON’T WANT TO BE LEFT OUT!
EXAMPLE:
EVERYONE IS BEHIND JIM DUFFIE FOR MAYOR. SHOULDN’T YOU BE A PART OF HIS TEAM?

4. TESTIMONIAL: CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT
SUPPORTERS FOLLOW BECAUSE OF “WHO” IS REPRESENTING THE PRODUCT/IDEA

5. PLAIN FOLKS: CANIDATE OR CAUSE IS IDENTIFIED WITH COMMON PEOPLE.
SHOWS AS “ALL AMERICAN”
EXAMPLE:
AFTER A SPEECH, A CANDIDATE OR CELEBRITY IS SHOWN EATING AT A FAST FOOD PLACE, AT A BALLGAME, ETC.

6. TRANSFER:
USES SYMBOLS, QUOTES, OR THE IMAGES OF FAMOUS PEOPLE TO CONVEY A MESSAGE.
NOT NECESSARILY CONNECTED
FLAGS, RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS, MEDICAL EXPERTS
GLOBAL WARMING – NEW SOLAR PANELS FOR YOUR HOUSE

7. FEAR OR SYMPATHY: SCARE OR FEED ON EMOTIONS
RELATE THOSE FEARS AND EMOTIONS TO A PARTICULAR AGENDA
EXAMPLE:
OLDER COUPLE REPRESENTED IN AN AD:
LIVE IN POVERTY – SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS CUT BY REPUBLICAN PARTY
VOTE DEMOCRAT

8. LOGICAL FALACIES, GLITTERING GENERALITIES, AND NAME-CALLING
ISSUES RELATED TO PROPAGANDA
TECHNIQUES TO BE AWARE OF WHEN LOOKING/LISTENING TO ISSUES OF MAJOR CONCERN

9. LOGICAL FALLACIES: PREMISE IS ACCURATE – BUT CONCLUSION IS NOT:
EXAMPLE:
PREMISE 1 – BILL CLINTON SUPPORTS GUN CONTROL
PREMISE 2- COMMUNISTS HAVE ALWAYS SUPPORTED GUN CONTROL
CONC. BILL CLINTON IS A COMMUNIST

10. GLITTERING GENERALATIES:
LIKE TRANSFER –MANIPULATION OF IDEAS AND EMOTIONS
EXAMPLE:
CIVIL RIGHTS – AN AD FOR A FAST FOOD CHAIN THAT SERVES HIGH CALORIE FOODS
DON’T LET THEM TAKE AWAY YOUR FREEDOM OF CHOICE!

11. NAME CALLING:
THE OPPOSITE OF GLITTERING GENERALITIES – NEGATIVE MESSAGE
EXAMPLE:
IN A SPEECH TO A LOGGING COMPANY, A CONGRESSMAN REFERS TO HIS ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS OPPONENT AS A “TREE HUGGER”

12. HOMEWORK: Fill out Advertising Handout
In the description state if this ad demonstrates a fallacy, a generality, or name calling
Is it presented as a bandwagon ad, a testimonial,or does it use fear and intimidation to get its message across?
Use the bottom portion of the handout to write an academic paragraph about the ad. Does it seem affective or not? Why, or Why not?

13. Academic Paragraph Model
T.S. C.D. CM. CM. C.D CM. CM. Concluding sentence. (8 sentence paragrah) see graphic organizer Remember to focus on the effectiveness of the ad
See example

14. Example: Fear and intimidation Transfer Message targets anyone
Use of generalities and pictures – notice the colors?
If you lose weight – you will avoid illnesses for undetermined amount of time, but more than 10 years!

15. Example of Paragraph: Please see example.
You will be graded on the following:
Paragraph follows format
T.S. introduces source and summarizes ad
C.D.’s are specific to the ad
CM’s specifically address details
Conclusion gives an overview and addresses if the ad is effective or not and why/why not.