1. More Propaganda

2. BANDWAGON: This gives the idea that everyone is doing this, or everyone supports this person/cause, so should you.

3. TESTIMONIAL: This is the celebrity support of a philosophy, movement or candidate.

4. PLAIN FOLKS: The candidate or cause is identified with common people from everyday walks of life.

5. TRANSFER: Use of symbols, quotes or the images of famous people to convey a message not necessarily associated with them.

6. GLITTERING GENERALITIES: Closely related to TRANSFER. A generally accepted virtue is used to stir up favorable emotions. The problem is that these words mean different things to different people and are often manipulated for the propagandists' use.

7. NAME-CALLING: This is the opposite of the GLITTERING GENERALITIES approach. This ties a person or cause to a largely perceived negative image.

8. CARD STACKING: This device tells only part of the truth. It overemphasizes or underemphasizes to avoid issues and manipulate facts.

15. Chang e