1. Developing Environmental Safety in the Arts – Princetons Approach Robin Izzo Assistant Director Environmental Health and Safety Princeton University www.princeton.edu/ehs rmizzo@princeton.edu 609-258-6259

2. Epiphany u UVM Screen Printing Room u Solvent-based inks u No ventilation u 100+ year old building u Vermont Artists Consortium u Did VanGogh Die for Art?

3. Visual Arts at Princeton u Undergraduate Visual Arts u Theater u Dance u Students have 24 hour access u Majors have shared or personal studios u 1000 enrolled students in art courses u ~500 Visual Arts majors

4. Visual Arts at Princeton u ~55 Visual Arts Faculty u 22 permanent u Mostly dance, theater, writing, computer graphics u Remainder are adjunct faculty u Turnover every 1-3 years u Most commute from New York City u Faculty required to be on campus 2 days per week u Usually not in until after 1 PM

5. Visual Arts at Princeton u Painting and Drawing u Sculpture u Lithography u Photography u Printmaking u Ceramics u Video u Theater and Dance

6. Why an Art Safety Program? u Health and safety issues u Environmental concerns u Fire safety issues u Hazard Communication u Right to Know u Many artists are not familiar with most of these issues

7. Art Hazards u Painting u Sculpture u Photography u Ceramics u Lithography u Theater

8. Environmental Issues u RCRA u Hazardous Waste u Clean Air Act u Spray booths u Sculpture shop u Clean Water Act u Ceramics u Drain disposal

9. Princetons Program u Previously treated generically u general Hazard Communication Program u general Hazard Communication Training u Right to Know Inventories u Respirator Program u Waste Disposal u Relatively good shape

10. Princetons Program u EHS Overall Trend u move from broad based programs to specialized programs u common problem - expectations not communicated u identify goals and objectives, work with department to determine how to make it work based on their needs

11. Princetons Program u Specialized Training Program u all incoming faculty u all students u review specific issues u quiz u Inspections u Semi-annual EHS inspections u Monthly departmental inspections

12. Princetons Program u Theater Safety Program u Staff and student in the Theater Program u Student Theater Groups u Theater In-Time u Triangle Club u Training Program u On-line Student Theater Safety Guide u www.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/theatersafety

13. Princetons Program u Student Theater Safety Training u Event Planning u Fire code permits, security needs, etc. u Emergency Procedures u Set Design and Construction u Rigging, power tools, chemical safety, etc. u Lighting and Sound u Special effects u Performance u Strike

14. Princetons Program u Environmental Stewardship u University policy u Long-standing policy on regulatory fines u EPA, OSHA, State, etc. u Fines from violations are the responsibility of the department where the violation was noted u Department can pass along fines to labs, groups, etc.

15. Princeton Art Safety Training u Hazard Communication Program u Understanding Chemical Safety Info u Spill Cleanup u Waste Disposal u Medium-Specific Concerns

16. Painting u Pigments u hues u Thinners u Linseed Oil u autoignition u Adhesives u sensitizers u Oil-based paints u Turpentine u sensitizer - odorless thinner is better alternative

17. Paint Pigments

18. Precautions for Painters u Know the what is in your pigments. Use the least toxic. u Avoid mixing dry pigments. u Avoid hand to mouth contact. u Dont use your mouth to point your brush. u Avoid using turpentine - use thinner u Use least dusty forms of chalk, pastels, etc.

19. Photography u Developer u alkaline u Stop Bath u acetic acid u Fixers u Disposal problems u Reducer u Mix with concentrated acid or high heat, can release cyanide gas Many photochemicals are sensitizers

20. Precautions for Photographers u Use liquid chemistry u Avoid skin exposure u Cover baths when not in use. u Use pre-mixed chemicals u Rinse with water between acid bleach step and fixing steps. (sulfur dioxide gas) u Use good ventilation.

21. Ceramics u Silica - silicosis u sand, perlite, grog, vermiculite u Mold - wet clay u Musculo-skeletal problems u Glazes - metals u Skin irritation u clay, glazes u Kiln - fumes, CO, IR

22. Precautions for Ceramics u Use pre-mixed clay. u Use good ventilation. Clean daily. u Moisturize hands. u Avoid lead glazes u Use gloves when handling glazes u Use good ventilation and CO for kiln u Wear IR goggles when looking into kiln u Electrical safety and good material handling

23. Sculpture u Wood shop - same hazards and concerns as maintenance, etc. u Plasters, silica, etc. u Spray Paint u Clay u Paints u Mold-making Resins

24. Precautions for Sculptors u Use eye and face protection u Choose the least hazardous woods and stones u Do not use plaster for casting body parts u Use good lifting techniques u Protect hands against vibration of hand tools u Use machining tools under supervision

25. Precautions for Sculptors u Take breaks to avoid carpal tunnel syndrome u Avoid chlorinated waxes u Protect against electrical hazards u Wear gloves when applying epoxy glues and hardeners, formaldehyde glues or solvent-based adhesives

26. Lithography/Printmaking u Linseed Oil u Solvents u Sharp Tools u Hot Plates u Inks u Nitric acid u contamination with solvents u disposal

27. Environmental Concerns u Waste disposal u solvents, oils u oily rags u photochemicals u acids and bases u sharps u empty chemical containers u glazes

28. Environmental Concerns u Drain disposal u fixers u thinners u Air emissions u paint spray booths u exhaust from woodworking equipment u EPA Initiative u focus on art department u dumpster diving

29. Pollution Prevention u Use hues u High flashpoint solvents (Turpenoid) u Baby Oil for brush cleaning u Digital photography u Silver recovery u Recycle everything possible u Institutional Recycling Network

30. Getting Started u Partnership between department and EHS to determine expectations and requirements u Ordered and installed needed materials u Mandatory meeting with faculty u White tornado of corrective actions u Meet with students and faculty to explain new procedures and provide specialized training

31. Getting Started u Videotaped meeting and training for those who could not attend. u Began frequent inspections. Notified faculty and students about infractions. u Included building janitor in training, particular attention on waste disposal. u Recruited casual employee to conduct inspections of studios twice weekly.

32. Initiatives u Standardized containers u Pre-printed labels u MSDS proliferation u Signage u Spill Kits u Purchasing Restrictions u Waste Disposal Improvements u Inspections

33. Standardized Containers u Previously - any available glass container - often food or drink containers u Difficult to identify what was a chemical container vs. a true food container u Pre-labeled mason jars required. Lids available - required when material not in use.

34. Pre-Printed Waste Labels u Color-coded printed labels provided by EHS for regular waste streams u Waste poster with label supply u Sample labels affixed to cabinets.

35. MSDSs u Always good about keeping MSDSs on hand, but accessibility was an issue. u MSDS notebook for every classroom. u Clearly labeled. u Chained to cabinets.

36. Signage u Instructions posted in every room u drain disposal restrictions u MSDS locations u Closing checklist u Spill kit locations u No excuse for not following procedures u Lamination

37. Signage

38. Spill Kits u Increased number of spill kits to ensure all areas covered. u Provided training on how and when to use them.

39. Purchasing Restrictions u Non-majors cannot bring in personal materials u Majors have a budget u All materials purchased through technician or approved by technician u Ensures MSDS availability and hazard assessment

40. Waste Disposal Improvements u Clarified expectations u Standardized waste containers u Standardized labeling u Inspections

41. Inspections u EHS involved in first rounds u Monthly inspections by department staff u Weekly inspections of student areas by casual employee u Assistance by janitor u Public violation notice

42. Inspections u Most Common Violations noted u Incompletely labeled containers u Flammable liquid storage cabinets not closed tightly u Lids or foil covers missing from individual containers of thinners u Rags left on the floor u Funnels left in waste containers u Labels on containers in cabinet not facing out

43. How Can You Do This? u Learn about the issues u Find out what your art department does. u Familiarize yourself about the issues using reference materials. u Determine which issues apply to your institution.

44. How Can You Do This? u Find the right people u find your champion u may not be the department chair or manager u educate the people with authority about the issues and the potential consequences u people u money u Work with them to find workable solutions

45. Training u Establish a specialized training program. u Find a way to include everyone in the training. u Not just classroom training u faculty pass it onto the students u inspections/problem discussion also help educate people

46. Inspect and Follow Up u Inspections/follow-up absolutely crucial. u Do not drop and dash. Follow it through. u Frequent at first, then taper off as improvements made. u Feedback to faculty and students. Accountability is crucial. u Celebrate successes.

47. Resources u Web Sites u Center for Safety in the Arts u http://artsnet.heinz.cmu.edu:70/0/csa u ACTS: Arts, Crafts and Theater Safety u http://www.caseweb.com/acts/ u Princeton Univ Art Safety Training Guide u http://www.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/artsafety u Princeton Univ Theater Operations Manual u http://www.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/theatersafety

48. Books u Artist Beware - Michael McCann, PhD, CIH u The Artists Complete Health and Safety Guide, Monona Rossol, MS, MFA u Overexposure: Photography Hazards -Susan Shaw and Monona Rossol u Making Art Safely - M. Spandorfer, D. Curtiss, J. Snyder, MD u Stage Fright: Health & Safety in Theater - Monona Rossol, MS, MFA u Health Hazards Manual for Artists - Michael McCann, PhD, CIH

49. Questions???

50. A View of Princeton…