1. EQ: How can we prepare for the Global regents exam
EQ: How can we prepare for the Global regents exam? Aim: How does geography shape the development of civilizations?
Do Now: What is geography? What’s an example of geography influencing a civilization?
HW: Go to YouTube and search for Murry Bergtraum High school Regents Review. You will see Mr. Male. Watch his video for HW.
Today’s power point will be posted on Please follow along to the review

2. Map Types
Physical Map: shows physical features such as mountains, forest, rivers, deserts etc. May show major countries and cities
Political Map: Shows only countries, cities, towns etc.
Topographical Map: like a physical map but has contour lines to show different elevations

3. MAPS
Physical map: shows the physical features of the earth: mountains, deserts, forests
Political map: shows the boundaries of countries, cities, and capitals
Climate map: shows temperature and climate for regions

4. Social Sciences
Geographer: studies the earth and its features Also studies how the earth impacts development. (How we adapt to surroundings)
Archaeologist: study ancient remains and artifacts
Sociologist: study the origins of humans and how they develop, what to produce
Economist: focus on distribution and movement of goods and services, scarcity of resources, and focus on wealth of a nation or region

5. ****Neolithic Revolution
Led to the stopping of hunting and gathering as the primary method of food gathering or survival
Introduced settled farming
Domesticated plants and animals
Benefit: people could now produce food to feed a bigger population
(population will grow, cities will grow)
Before this people were nomadic: wander around looking for food and shelter
This revolution allowed for the birth of cities and then civilizations

6. Peninsulas Land masses that are surrounded by water on THREE sides
Examples:
Spain
Italy
Korea
Greece

7. peninsula Land where three sides are surrounded by water
Archipelago: chain of islands. Ex. Japan
Island: surrounded by water on all sides
Landlocked nation: surrounded by land on all sides

8. Geography All early civilizations developed near RIVER VALLEYS
Examples of early civilizations: Egypt, Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent), China and India
Reasons they developed near rivers:
Fertile soil
Water supply supports irrigation for crops
Allow people to produce their own food
These areas had a climate that supported the growth of civilizations

9. River Valleys
Provided the basis for the development of the earliest civilizations: Tigris-Euphrates, Nile River, Yellow River, Indus River
Flooding from the rivers provided the civilizations fertile soil but also caused damage
Irrigation systems and Dams are examples of adaptations to the rivers

10. Bodies of Water
Oceans and seas; can be barriers to invasion and cultural diffusion
Many civilizations overcame this and became expert sea travelers
This lead to increased trade, cultural diffusion, invasions and were a source of food

11. Geography of Egypt Developed near the Nile River
Constant floods allowed fertile soil to support civilization

12. Geography of Mesopotamia
Developed near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Had fertile soil and good climate to support civilization

13. Geography of India Developed near the Indus and Ganges Rivers
Geographic features: Himalaya Mountains and Hindu Kush mountains kept them isolated

14. Subsistence farming
Where people produce enough food for them to survive

15. Rainforest
Area of forest with thick vegetation; hot and wet climate; gets little sunlight so not much grows on the floor
Positives: abundant animal life, natural resources, barrier to invasion
Negatives: limits trade, cultural diffusion, breeding ground for disease carrying insects
Examples: Amazon

16. Geography of China
Developed near the Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze Rivers
China was isolated by mountains and deserts
They developed and ethnocentric view of the world
Viewed other cultures as barbarians
Influenced Korea and Japan

17. Geography of Greece Mountainous
The mountains separated the cities and allowed them to develop individual city-states
Greece also has good harbors for fishing and an irregular coastline

18. Geography of Japan Archipelago: a chain of islands
It has good harbors and an irregular coastline
The mountains forced Japan to live in only a few places throughout the country
Was influenced by China and Korea

19. Early Japan Japan: located on an archipelago (chain of islands)
Mostly mountainous (compared to Greece)
Lived off of the sea for food
Most influenced by China and Korea which served as a cultural bridge between the nations

20. Geographic Features of China
Asia
***Like all early civilizations, China developed in River Valleys (existed in China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Fertile Crescent also known as the Middle East, and India)
Two rivers: Yangtze and Huang He Rivers
Gobi Desert
Himalaya and Hindu Kush mountains

21. Early Civilizations
Most early civilizations developed around RIVER VALLEYS
Ex. China, India, Mesopotamia, Egypt

22. Deserts: Sahara Desert in Africa
Used by the West African Trading Empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhai ( )
The desert helped promote trade throughout West and North Africa and spread into the Middle East.
It helped spread cultural diffusion by blending traditional African beliefs and goods with Islamic and European ideas and goods

23. Mountains: Himalaya Mountains in India, Hindu Kush Mountains
They isolated the Indian civilizations and allowed them to develop their own unique culture
Geographic feature hindered cultural diffusion because they are surrounded by mountains and many did not know of their existence for centuries

24. Rivers: any early civilization
Examples: Mesopotamia and the Tigris and Euphrates, Egypt and the Nile, India and the Ganges and Indus and China with the Yangtze and Huang He
Rivers are a key element of the development of early civilizations
Helped spread diffusion by connecting people through trade and travel

25. Terrace Farming

26. Quiz Time What do you know about Human & Physical Geography
Review Quiz: Why is this the correct answer and why are the other choices wrong?

27. Essay Practice Theme: Geography (How Humans Change Their Environment)
Throughout global history, human societies in various nations and regions have changed their physical environments to meet their needs. Societies have built structures, removed vegetation and resources, and modified the land to meet their needs. These changes have often had different results.
Task:
Select two different nations/regions and for each
• Explain why the society modified their environment
• Explain how the people of that specific nation/region modified their physical environment
• Discuss the effect this modification had on that nation/region
You may use any nation or region from your study of global history. Some suggestions you
might wish to consider include Middle East (modified the land), Africa (modified the land),
Japan (modified the land), Great Britain (removed resources), South Africa (removed
resources), Brazil (removed vegetation), China (built a structure), and East Germany (built
structures).
You are not limited to these suggestions.
Do not select the United States or a region of the United States as an example

28. Summary/ Conclusion- After reviewing how geography has impacted civilizations and doing your final essay dealing with geography. Your task is to write a paragraph on what you could have added to your essay from yesterday to have received a higher score? You only have a few minutes to do this so be on task.