1. Conduct Troop Leading Procedures
Adjutant General School
Captain Career Course
Conduct Troop Leading Procedures
SHOW SLIDE 1: CONDUCT TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
INTRODUCTION: Troop-leading procedures (TLPs) are a dynamic process used by small-unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a plan, and prepare for a mission. TLPs consist
of eight steps and are supported by composite risk management. The step sequence of TLP is not rigid. Leaders can modify the sequence to meet the mission, situation, and available time. Some steps are done concurrently while others may go on continuously throughout the mission.
NOTE: Refer the students to ADP 5-0 and ADRP 5-0 for more information.
August 2018

2. Concrete Experience https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3ZYhpvqmHo
SHOW SLIDE 2: CONCRETE EXPERIENCE
1. A good concrete experience sets the stage for the students’ learning by engaging them on an affective or emotional level. It provides a setting through which the student connects to a past, present, or anticipated future experience. It helps create a concrete connection with the lesson content, establishing a firm foundation on which to build abstract concepts involving higher-order cognitive learning levels. The concrete experience should provide students with an opportunity to personally and individually reflect on a situation or event.
NOTE: After viewing this video, some possible questions for discussion may include the following:
1. What experiences do you have with troop leading procedures?
2. As a leader, have you done anything differently than what you saw in the video? If so, what did you do differently?
3. What would you do differently?

3. Terminal Learning Objective
ACTION: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures
CONDITIONS: In a small group environment, using readings, classroom discussions, presentations, doctrinal publications, and an awareness of Operational Environment (OE) variables and actors.
STANDARD: Identify the eight steps of Troop Leading Procedures: receive the mission, issue a warning order (WARNO), make a tentative plan, start necessary movement, conduct reconnaissance, complete the plan, issue the order and supervise and refine the plan as needed. Understand the activities and functions associated with each step.
SHOW SLIDE 3: Terminal Learning Objective
Note to Instructor: Review the Terminal Learning Objective with the students.
ACTION: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures
CONDITIONS: In a small group environment, using readings, classroom discussions, presentations, doctrinal publications, and an awareness of Operational Environment (OE) variables and actors.
STANDARD: Identify the eight steps of Troop Leading Procedures: receive the mission, issue a warning order (WARNO), make a tentative plan, start necessary movement, conduct reconnaissance, complete the plan, issue the order and supervise and refine the plan as needed. Understand the activities and functions associated with each step.

4. Receive the Mission Confirm the new misson
STEP 1
Confirm the new misson
Issue an initial WARNO to the element
Load OPORDs, overlays, passwords, and maps into digital
systems from the mission data loader (MDL), if applicable
Analyze the mission in accordance with mission, enemy,
terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil considerations (METT-TC)
SHOW SLIDE 4: Receive the mission (STEP 1)
1. Confirm the new mission.
a. Participate in a briefing.
b. Confirm the higher commander's intent and your assigned duties.
c. Obtain clarification on aspects of the order from the platoon leader as necessary.
d. Check the digital common operational picture (COP) for locations of friendly and
enemy forces, if applicable and their combat identification (CID) markings.
2. Issue an initial WARNO to the element that includes:
a. Nature of the mission.
b. Time for the mission.
c. Time and place for OPORD.
d. Earliest time of movement.
Suspense for resupply, as required.
Element task reorganization, if required.
3. Load OPORDs, overlays, passwords, and maps into digital systems from the mission data loader (MDL), if applicable.
4. Analyze the mission in accordance with mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil considerations (METT-TC).

5. Evaluate the Mission Review specified tasks Identify implied tasks
Determine essential tasks
Identify limitations
Develop mission statement (who, what, when, where, why)
SHOW SLIDE 5: EVALUATE THE MISSION
Evaluate the Mission
(1) Review specified tasks.
(2) Identify implied tasks.
(3) Determine essential tasks.
(4) Identify limitations.
(5) Develop a mission statement (who, what, when, where, and why).

6. Evaluate the Enemy/Threat
Most likely objective or end state
Feasible courses of action or options
Movement and positioning
Composition and disposition of conventional forces
Organization of unconventional forces
Capabilities and weaknesses
SHOW SLIDE 6: EVALUATE THE ENEMY/THREAT
b. Evaluate the enemy/threat within the situation to identify:
(1) The enemy/threat's most likely objective or end state.
(2) The enemy/threat's feasible courses of action or options and what factors or events would cause him to choose one over the others.
(3) Movement and positioning (within the enemy/threat's course of action) or location of high payoff targets identified within the target acquisition plan.
(4) Composition and disposition of conventional forces and how to identify them (order of battle).
(5) Organization of unconventional forces, paramilitary forces, militia, police, and criminal organizations and how to identify them.
(6) Capabilities and weaknesses.

7. Evaluate Terrain and Weather
Covered and concealed positions from which to observe/target threat
Terrain that adversely affects target acquisition
Locations of existing obstacles
Potential bypasses around known and templated obstacles
Key terrain and its advantages
Accessible mobility corridors and avenues of approach
Effects of terrain on weapon systems' fields of fire
Effects of precipitation, temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction,
and light conditions
SHOW SLIDE 7: EVALUATE TERRAIN AND WEATHER
c. Evaluate the terrain and weather in order to identify:
NOTE: Terrain and weather are evaluated using the factors of observation and fields of
fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles, and cover and concealment.
(1) Covered and concealed positions from which to observe and target (if required) the
threat.
NOTE: The line of sight (LOS) function can be used to confirm optimum covered and
concealed positions.
(2) Terrain that adversely affects target acquisition and provides the threat protection
from observation and fires while they accomplish their mission.
(3) Locations of existing obstacles (natural and manmade) and their affect on
movement and maneuver.
NOTE: The obstacle report can be disseminated to the element (if available).
(4) Potential bypasses around known and templated obstacles (shown on the digital
COP, if applicable).
(5) Key terrain and its advantages to element and threat occupation, movement, and
maneuver.
(6) Accessible mobility corridors and avenues of approach offering cover and
concealment to the element and threat and their advantages for movement and maneuver.
(7) Effects of terrain on weapon systems' fields of fire and ranges for potential enemy engagement areas.
(8) Effects of precipitation, temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and light conditions on visibility, trafficability, on exposed personnel, night observation devices (NODs), digital systems, and weapons.

8. Evaluate Troops and Support Available
Supply levels for Classes I, III, V, VIII, and IX
Operational readiness of vehicles and equipment
Shortages in the element or in attached elements
Level of collective and individual training and experience
Current and anticipated physical condition
Additional resources or duty specialties required
SHOW SLIDE 8: EVALUATE TROOPS AND SUPPORT AVAILABLE
d. Evaluate troops and support available to identify:
(1) Supply levels for Classes I, III, V, VIII, and IX.
(2) Operational readiness of vehicles, sights, NODs, CID equipment, digital systems and weapon systems, to include estimated repair times for non-mission capable (NMC) Items.
(3) Shortages in the element or in attached elements that adversely affect mission
Accomplishment.
(4) Element level of collective and individual training and practical experience in similar and related missions.
(5) Current and anticipated physical condition, to include sleep, and morale of Soldiers.
(6) Additional resources or duty specialties that are required to accomplish the mission.

9. Evaluate Time Available/ Develop a Time Line
Movement times and other timed suspenses
Enemy/threat estimated time line
Estimated duration for rehearsals and resupply
Priorities for work that the element must accomplish
Tentative duration of the mission
Effects of terrain and weather on movement times
Effects of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
(CBRN) protective posture on movement times
SHOW SLIDE 9: EVALUATE TIME AVAILABLE / DEVELOP A TIME LINE
Evaluate time available
f. Develop a time line that assists the element and subordinate elements in
accomplishing all necessary tasks, including:
NOTE: As a general rule, you use one-third of the available time for planning, which
includes issuing the element OPORD, and allocates the remaining two-thirds for
subordinate planning and element preparation. You may use reverse planning to
create and refine your time line. Planning should be done during periods of limited
visibility to allow rehearsals, maintenance, and pre-combat check (PCCs) pre-combat
inspections (PCI) to be conducted during maximum light.
(1) Movement times and other timed suspenses specified in the higher order.
(2) Enemy/threat estimated time line.
(3) Estimated duration for rehearsals and resupply.
(4) Priorities for work that the element must accomplish prior to the start of the mission.
(5) Tentative duration of the mission.
(6) Effects of terrain and weather on movement times.
(7) Effects of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) protective posture
on movement times.

10. Evaluate Civilian Factors
Determine the mission and intent of the commander two levels up, including
Political affiliations and grievances against government agencies
Ethnicity
Factions
Cultural distinctions
Religious beliefs
Impact of infrastructure on living conditions
Attitude toward U.S. forces (friendly, neutral, hostile)
Determine the impact civilians may have on operations, including:
Unit movement
Difficulty in distinguishing threat forces from the local populace
Interference with or elimination of some weapon systems
Requirement of increased security measures or readiness conditions
Psychological impact of civilian casualties on unit personnel
Friendly personnel not treated fairly if captured by threat forces
Ability of human intelligence (HUMINT) collectors to gather information
ROE
SHOW SLIDE 10: EVALUATE CIVILIAN FACTORS
Evaluate civilian factors and their target impact on operations factors:
(1) Determine the mission and intent of the commander two levels up, including the
impact of the following:
(a) Political affiliations and grievances against government agencies and
nongovernment organizations.
(b) Ethnicity.
(c) Factions.
(d) Cultural distinctions.
(e) Religious beliefs.
(f) Impact of infrastructure on living conditions.
(g) Attitude toward U.S. forces (friendly, neutral, hostile).
(2) Determine the impact civilians may have on operations, including:
(a) Unit movement.
(b) Difficulty in distinguishing threat forces from the local populace.
(c) Interference with or elimination of some weapon systems.
(d) Requirement of increased security measures or readiness conditions.
(e) Psychological impact of civilian casualties on unit personnel.
(f) Friendly personnel not treated fairly if captured by threat forces.
(g) Ability of human intelligence (HUMINT) collectors to gather information.
(h) ROE.
h. If applicable, develop a digital COP in conjunction with higher headquarters, adjacent units, sustainment.

11. Issue a WARNO STEP 2
Enemy situation overview, to include intent and objective
Area of operations
Element attachments and detachments
Mission statement
Delegation and assignments of preparatory tasks
Preparation time line
SHOW SLIDE 11: ISSUE A WARNO (STEP 2)
Enemy situation overview, to include intent and objective.
Area of operations.
Element attachments and detachments, to include effective times.
4. Mission statement.
NOTE: The area of operations may be depicted using the platoon or higher headquarters' operational graphics, i.e., security, readiness, and protective measures in effect.
5. Delegation and assignments of preparatory tasks for subordinate leaders and
elements, to include:
a. Loading of mission data from the MDL into digital systems.
b. Coordination requirements.
c. Service support requirements.
d. Prioritization of PCC and timing for PCI.
e. Graphics production (traditional or digital) and dissemination.
f. Development of rehearsal site.
g. Rehearsal technique (full force, reduced force, terrain model, sketch, map, digital, or radio) and requirements.
6. Preparation time line, to include time and place of order issue, rehearsals, and
boresighting.
NOTE: The time line should specify the element confirmation brief and allow time for subordinate battle drills and SOP rehearsals prior to the platoon and or company combined arms rehearsal.

12. Make a Tentative Plan STEP 3
Visualize the upcoming operation
Develop a scheme of maneuver
Identify the IR to be answered to complete the plan
Revise the preparation time line as required
Issue a FRAGO to address new tasks, requirements,
and/or changes
SHOW SLIDE 12: MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN (STEP 3)
NOTE: Your tentative plan should be based on one or more course of action (COA) that accomplishes the mission while best protecting the force and positioning the element for its follow-on mission.
1. Visualize the upcoming operation, comparing the COAs to the feasible enemy/threat
options and how you expect the enemy/threat to react to your actions.
2. Develop a scheme of maneuver from the most probable COA that provides flexibility
against all feasible enemy/threat COAs or options.
NOTE: These considerations may have been addressed in the OPORD.
a. Allocate and position assets that provide multiple coverage to answer the specified
information requirements (IR).
b. Allocate and position assets to implement a higher target acquisition plan.
c. Integrate attached tank or antitank assets.
3. Identify the IR to be answered to complete the plan, such as routes, areas, start
point, release point, passage points, and line of departure.
4. Revise the preparation time line as required to incorporate tasks and requirements associated with the tentative plan.
5. Issue a FRAGO to address new tasks, requirements, and/or changes to the preparation time line if necessary.

13. Start Necessary Movement STEP 4
Initiate movement
Occupy an assembly area or attack position
Establish security/assume appropriate readiness condition
SHOW SLIDE 13: START NECESSARY MOVEMENT (STEP 4)
1. Initiate movement in accordance with higher headquarters' order.
NOTE: Tactical movement to specified locations should be focused on security.
2. Occupy an assembly area or attack position that provides an advantageous location from which to complete preparations for the mission.
3. Establish security assuming the appropriate readiness condition (REDCON).

14. Conduct Reconnaissance
STEP 5
Conduct ground reconnaissance if time is available
Occupy a position that enables observation
Reconnoiter initial positions such as an attack position
Check for observation of engagement areas
SHOW SLIDE 14: CONDUCT RECONNAISSANCE (STEP 5)
NOTE: At a minimum, leaders conduct a map reconnaissance focusing on terrain
analysis.
1. Conduct ground reconnaissance if time is available.
2. Occupy a position that enables observation or reconnoiters the march route to start
points, passage points, point of departure, or the line of departure.
3. Reconnoiter initial positions such as an attack position or an observation post (OP).
NOTE: The LOS function can be used to confirm the optimum location of positions.
4. Check for observation of engagement areas or preplanned targets from tentative OP
positions.

15. Complete the Plan Select most probable COA
STEP 6
Select most probable COA
Complete the details of how tasks are accomplished
Develop element graphics
Integrate the fire support plan
Integrate sustainment elements
Continue to update the plan
Ensure the plan complies with original OPORD/FRAGO
Prepare the OPORD
SHOW SLIDE 15: COMPLETE THE PLAN (STEP 6)
1. Select the most probable COA based on METT-TC and reconnaissance.
2. Complete details of how the element will accomplish each task.
3. Develop element graphics to further define the area of responsibility.
NOTE: This will aid in command and control of the element and passes new control
measures higher as necessary.
4. Integrate the fire support plan into element operations to support the scheme of
maneuver.
5. Integrate sustainment elements into the digital COP, if applicable.
6. Continue to update the plan.
NOTE: The plan should be updated based on information from higher headquarters
and subsequent reconnaissance.
7. Ensure the plan complies with the commander's original OPORD/FRAGO.
8. Prepare the OPORD.

16. Issue the Order STEP 7 Verify presence of subordinate leaders
Ensure that overlays match next higher element
Issue order – use five paragraph format
Brief the order using one of the following -
Vantage point overlooking actual terrain used for the mission
Terrain model depicting the area of operations
Map and overlays
Digital display and overlay
Issue the order using sketches/drawings
Conduct confirmation brief
Answer questions
SHOW SLIDE 16: ISSUE THE ORDER (STEP 7)
NOTE: The order should be formatted in accordance with the battalion / squadron and
or company / troop SOP. Although it should be written to follow a specific format,
copies do not need to be provided to subordinate leaders. Face-to-face delivery is the
preferred method; however, the order may also be delivered via frequency modulation
(FM) or digital means.
1. Verify the presence or monitoring of subordinate leaders.
2. Ensure vehicle commanders or team leaders have posted all overlays on their maps
and that their overlays match the next higher element's overlay.
3. Issue the order using the five-paragraph OPORD format.
4. Brief the order using one of the following methods to enhance understanding:
Issue an order from a vantage point overlooking the actual terrain to be used for the
mission.
b. Issue an order using a terrain model that depicts the area of operations.
c. Issue an order using a map and overlay(s).
d. Issue an order using digital display and overlay, if applicable.
e. Issue an order using sketches/drawings to help illustrate the plan.
5. Conduct a confirmation brief with subordinate leaders to ensure they understand:
a. The enemy/threat (to include identification) and the friendly situation.
b. The commander's intent two levels up.
c. Their assigned tasks.
6. Answer subordinate leaders' questions to clarify their understanding of the order.

17. Supervise and Refine the Plan STEP 8
Brief crews or teams on the mission
Conduct back-briefs
Conduct rehearsals
Brief the element on unit task reorganization
Direct element resupply operations
Ensure supervision of each crew’s or team's PCCs
Report the status of PCCs to the element leader
Continue to supervise and refine throughout the execution of the mission
SHOW SLIDE 17: SUPERVISE AND REFINE THE PLAN (STEP 8)
NOTE: Activities covered in this task step may begin immediately upon receipt of a higher order and be conducted in any order. They may be addressed in the company / troop's, platoon's, or element's preparation time line and continue concurrently with other troop-leading task steps.
1. Brief crews or teams on the mission based on the higher headquarters' OPORD.
2. Conduct back-briefs, ensuring all crewmen or team members have been briefed and that each crew or team's plan complies with the element leader's concept of the operation.
3. Conduct rehearsals.
NOTE: Rehearsals are conducted at either full force or reduced force depending on METT-TC. Rehearsals can be conducted on the actual terrain to be used in the operation or by terrain model, sand table, rock drill, or map. Rehearsals include any attachments and integrated sustainment elements, and at a minimum cover key elements such as actions on contact.
4. Brief the element on unit task reorganization.
5. Direct element resupply operations.
6. Ensure vehicle commanders or team leaders supervise each crew’s or team's PCCs
which include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. Before-operation preventive maintenance checks and services (PMCS).
NOTE: PMCS is conducted for vehicles, weapon systems, FM / digital communications systems, and NBC equipment. PMCS deficiencies are reported to maintenance and / or repaired, if possible.
b. Weapon systems.
c. Prefire checks.
d. Machine guns.
e. Loaded plans.
f. Resupplied items, including:
(1) Rations.
(2) Water.
(3) Petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL).
(4) Ammunition and pyrotechnics.
(5) Batteries for all equipment.
(6) CBRN equipment.
(7) Class VIII items.
g. Communications check.
h. Maps.
i. Overlays.
j. Filters and settings.
k. Vehicles.
l. Uniforms.
m. Soldier’s knowledge.
n. CID equipment.
7. Ensure the status of PCCs is reported to the element leader.
8. Designate representatives to conduct PCIs to ensure crews/teams have completed all required PCCs.
a. Identify key inspection areas/items (based on METT-TC) and develop PCI plan.
b. Assign areas of responsibility for the PCI.
c. Determine the time line for PCI requirements.
d. Inspect required areas/items to ensure they are present, functional, clean, and/or complete.
e. Inspect selected areas/items to ensure they are present, functional, clean, and/or complete.
f. Test the Soldiers’ and leaders’ knowledge of the mission.
9. Continue to supervise and refine throughout the execution of the mission until one of the following occurs:
a. A FRAGO from higher headquarters is received.
b. Change of mission occurs.

18. Check on Learning
Q1. When evaluating time and developing a time line, as a general rule, one-third of the time available is used for planning – including issuing the element OPORD. What should the remaining time be used for?
A1. Subordinate planning and element preparation.
Q2. At a minimum, what should leaders do when conducting reconnaissance?
A2. Conduct a map reconnaissance, focusing on terrain analysis.
Q3. Leaders supervise and refine the plan throughout the execution of the mission until one of two things occur. What are they?
A3. When a FRAGO from higher headquarters is received or when a change of mission occurs.
SHOW SLIDE 18: CHECK ON LEARNING
NOTE: Conduct a Check on Learning and summarize the Learning Activity.
Note to Instructor: This slide has two (3) animations. Click the mouse to reveal the correct answer after each question.
Q1. When evaluating time and developing a time line, as a general rule, one-third of the time available is used for planning – including issuing the element OPORD. What should the remaining time be used for?
A1. Subordinate planning and element preparation.
Q2. At a minimum, what should leaders do when conducting reconnaissance?
A2. Conduct a map reconnaissance, focusing on terrain analysis.
Q3. Leaders supervise and refine the plan throughout the execution of the mission until one of two things occur. What are they?
A3. When a FRAGO from higher headquarters is received or when a change of mission occurs.

19. Terminal Learning Objective
ACTION: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures
CONDITIONS: In a small group environment, using readings, classroom discussions, presentations, doctrinal publications, and an awareness of Operational Environment (OE) variables and actors.
STANDARD: Identify the eight steps of Troop Leading Procedures: receive the mission, issue a warning order (WARNO), make a tentative plan, start necessary movement, conduct reconnaissance, complete the plan, issue the order and supervise and refine the plan as needed. Understand the activities and functions associated with each step.
SHOW SLIDE 19: Terminal Learning Objective
Note to Instructor: Review the Terminal Learning Objective with the students.
ACTION: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures
CONDITIONS: In a small group environment, using readings, classroom discussions, presentations, doctrinal publications, and an awareness of Operational Environment (OE) variables and actors.
STANDARD: Identify the eight steps of Troop Leading Procedures: receive the mission, issue a warning order (WARNO), make a tentative plan, start necessary movement, conduct reconnaissance, complete the plan, issue the order and supervise and refine the plan as needed. Understand the activities and functions associated with each step.