1. Photo credits, Erika Nortemann, Ellen Morris Bishop and Mark Godfrey Applying Ecosystem Services: Lessons learned in California November 7, 2011

2. Timeline of engagement with ecosystem services 2005-6: ES and ecoregional planning study 2006-7 : Scoping for Sierra demonstration site 2008-9: Climate change impacts study 2007-10: Implementation of mapping tools and policy studies, outreach 2008- Communicating externally, applying in places

3. What are ecosystem services? Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems -Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005 One area can provide multiple benefits, often to different beneficiaries

4. Categories of ecosystem services Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Ecosystems benefit humans in a multitude of ways

5. Some California examples Pollination of crops Water quantity and timing Carbon sequestration Regulation of floods Timber Forage production

6. Fiber Food Spiritual & religious Freshwater Genetic Resources Climate regulation Water purification Disease regulation Flood/Fire regulation Recreation & tourism Aesthetic Economic Value ($) Economic Valuation Difficult or impossible Easy ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Many services are public goods Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

7. The Big Idea -Landowners, governments, companies make decisions motivated by economic considerations -Land use planning traditionally does not factor in the full array of values that an ecosystem provides -The importance of these values is emphasized in a warming climate -If the values of these services are put into the trade-off equation, a different decision might be made

8. Guidance on Purchasing Land for National Forests (Weeks Law 1911) 1. protection against disastrous erosion of the soil 2. preservation of the purity and regularity of flow of the mountain streams, with a view to their use for the water supply of towns and cities; 3. preservation of a timber supply to meet the needs of the industries of the country; 4. preservation of the beauty and attractiveness of the uplands for the recreation and pleasure of the people. Source: http://www.foresthistory.org/Research/usfscoll/policy/Agency_Organization/NF_System/weeks_law/ Conservation Planning: 100 years ago

9. What is new…. Emphasis on quantifying economic value of services Global agreement on decline of many services (MEA) Emergence of markets to buy and sell units of services Acknowledgment of global warming

11. Average Timber Revenue per County (2001-2006) Highest- Humboldt County- $166M Source: CA Board of Equalization Total Market Value of all Agricultural Products Sold per County (2002) Highest- Fresno County- $2.8B Source: NASS Economic Value of Traditional Commodities (Provisioning Services)

12. Forage Habitat Integrity OverlapsWater Yield Forest Carbon Potential Aquifer Recharge

14. Hotspots: Carbon, water yield, habitat integrity Showing aggregate provision (and value) or services can tell simple, powerful story

16. Net change in aboveground live tree carbon stored by the end of the century (2070–2099 mean) Shaw et al. in press. Climatic Change

17. Policy context Survey of Sierra Nevada stakeholders on barriers and opportunities Completed statewide assessment of existing markets for services Advance Mitigation MOU

18. Link the investment in planning to the purpose Use of ModelsNeeded Level of Accuracy and Precision of Data Media or Type of Information Delivery Size of Audience Frequency of Update, Need for Dynamic Information Build awareness about distribution and importance of a service LowMaps, posters, animations, presentations, popular media LargeLow Identify areas of high service production, or overlap with conservation lands or priorities ModerateWeb mapping portal, synthesized or input data sets, maps of overlap, scenario-based trade-off and synergy summaries Medium Support development of a market and transactions among market actors HighTrading platform, near-real-time sensors, monitoring reports Small (at least initially) High Shaw and Cameron, in prep.

19. Getting people to pay for something that has been free is hard -Need regulatory reason to pay for service -Risk management might be viable avenue -Paying for public goods through public funding? © The Economist

20. Where does the value come from? Provisioning : often after service has been exploited, value is commodity (eg fish) Carbon- value is given through regulation Can the regulations include co-benefits? Without regulations, voluntary actions How do regulations affect market

21. Where are the users? Mapping flows and beneficiaries – at what scale? Infrastructure mediates delivery

22. Acknowledgements Rebecca Shaw, Erik Haunreiter, Holly Davis, Nat Cap team, Adam Davis Funding provided by Resources Legacy Fund