1. Europe at the End of the middle ages
What led to the Renaissance

2. Europe’s Population Crisis
What effects would a significant decrease in population have on European society?
What events would have caused the major decreases in population? Read page
What was the reaction of the Landowners to the decrease in available workers?
What was the reaction of the workers to the actions of the Landlords?

3. Rise of Central Governments
As feudalism as a organizational system fell apart, power began to shift from nobles to Kings.
Kings formed monarchies, strong central governments ruled by a king or queen.
Did that through collecting taxes, raising armies, and ruled through central governments.
There were revolts against kings and conflict between kings.
100 years war (1337 to 1453) when the king of England claimed he was the rightful king of France.
In 1453, France finally defeated England.

4. Joan of Arc Who was she? What do we know about her already?
Why did she decide to participate in the Hundred Years war?
How did she contribute to the French cause?
What was her demise?

5. New Ways of Fighting What was an advantage of fighting on horseback?
What two military inventions made the knight less effective?
Longbows and Guns (Harquebuses)
The foot solider was more effective now than the mounted knight.
Rulers in the 1300s began hiring professional soldiers to protect their kingdoms.