1. Sasso
US I
The Constitution

2. Article I, Section 1
Article I of the Constitution deals specifically with the powers that are given to Congress
All legislative powers are given to the Congress of the United States, which is separated into two houses: Senate and House of Representatives
This is known as a bicameral legislature

3. Article I, Section 2 This deals specifically with the House of Reps.
Representative terms last 2 years
Must be at least 25 years old
Must be a citizen for at least 7 years
Must be a resident of the state that they represent
No term limits
The number of Representatives a state has is based on the state’s population
3/5 of a state’s slave population will count towards representation

4. Article I, Section 2
Vacancies will be filled through a special election called by a state’s governor
Leader of the majority party is called the Speaker of the House (he/she is second in line to replace the president)
The House has the sole power of Impeachment

5. Article I, Section 3 This deals specifically with the Senate
Senators terms last for 6 years
Must be at least 30 years old
Must be a citizen for at least 9 years
Must live in the state that you represent
No term limits
The Vice President of the United States presides over the Senate (casts the deciding vote in the event of a tie)

6. Article I, Section 3
The Senate majority leader is the President pro tempore (presides over the Senate, if the VP is absent, or becomes President)
Pro Tempore is third in line to replace the President
The Senate has the sole power to try impeachment hearings and convict officials
Need 2/3 majority for a conviction

7. Articles I, Sections 4, 5, & 6
Sections 4, 5 and 6 deal with Meetings, Organization, Rules and Salaries
Simple majority in each house is enough to conduct business
Originally Congress only had to meet once a year
Originally Congressmen only made $6
Now they make at least $130,000 a year
Salary can escalate depending on status

8. Article I, Section 7 Section 7 deals with passing laws
All revenue bills (making money) will start in the House
A bill becomes a law when it is passed by both Houses and signed by the President
The President can veto bills
Congress also has the power to override Presidential vetoes (need 2/3 majority)

9. Article I, Section 8
These are the powers given to exclusively to Congress:
Trade- Interstate and Foreign
Citizenship
Issuing Money
Post office
Copyrights/Patents
Protect from Piracy
Declare War
Create Army/Navy/National Guard
Elastic Clause- “necessary and proper”

10. Article I, Sections 9 & 10
Discusses exclusive, reserved, and concurrent powers
Exclusive- Congress (everything on previous slide)
Reserved- States
Concurrent- shared by both Congress and the States

11. Article I, Sections 9 & 10 Intrastate Commerce Elections
Reserved (State)
Concurrent (Shared)
Intrastate Commerce
Elections
Voting Requirements
Local Govt.
Public Safety
10th Amendment (We’ll get to that later)
Taxation
Court Systems
Borrow $
Enforce laws
Banking
Protecting the general welfare

12. Article II, Section 1 This deals with the President
Elected by a special Electoral College
President’s term is four years long
Originally there were no term limits (now it’s 2 terms or 10 years)
Must be at least 35 years old
Must be a natural born citizen
Must be a U.S. resident for 14 years
Vacancies:
Original salary was $25,000 (now $400,000+)
VP’s salary is now $221,000

13. Article II, Section 2
The President is the Commander in Chief of the U.S. military
Responsible for all foreign relations
Allowed to make appointments
State of the Union/Special Sessions of Congress
Can be impeached for the following: treason, bribery, other high crimes and misdemeanors

14. Article III This section establishes the Supreme Court
Main purpose of the SC is to interpret the Constitution, although this concept is not established until Marbury v. Madison
The SC can handle different types of cases: individual v. individual; individual v. state; state v. state)
Congress can create lower court systems

15. Articles IV & V
Article 4
Article 5
Article 4 deals with the creation and formation of new states
Guarantees republican government in each state
Also discusses extradition for crimes
Amending the Constitution
2/3 majority is needed to propose an amendment
¾ of the states must approve the amendment to add it to the Constitution

16. Articles VI & VII
Article 6
Article 7
This section deals with debts, supremacy, and oaths
All debts under the Articles of Confederation shall pass to the Constitution govt.
The Constitution shall be the supreme law of the land
All representatives shall be bound by oath to support the Constitution
Religious affiliation will not prevent people from holding office
The approval of 9 states will be sufficient to ratify the Constitution

17. Checks and Balances- Executive
On Legislative
On Judicial
Propose laws
Veto bills
Special Sessions of Congress
Make appointments
Negotiate treaties
Commander-in-Chief
Make appointments
Presidential pardons

18. Checks and Balances- Legislative
On executive
On judicial
Veto override
Confirmation of appointments (Senate)
Ratify treaties (Senate)
Declare War
Appropriate funds
Impeachment (House)
Impeachment trial/conviction (Senate)
Create lower court system
Impeachment (House)
Impeachment trial/conviction (Senate)
Propose Amendments
Confirm Appointments

19. Checks and Balances- Judicial
On executive
On legislative
Judicial Review
Judicial Review

20. The Order of Ratification (State, Date, Vote)
PA, 12/87, 46-23
NJ, 12/87, 38-0
GA, 1/88, 26-0
CT, 1/88,
MA, 2/88,
MD, 4/88, 63-11
SC, 5/88,
NH, 6/88, Makes Const. official
VA, 6/88, 89-79
NY, 7/88, 30-27
NC, 11/89,
RI, 5/90, 34-32

21. The Bill of Rights- The First Ten Amendments (ratified in 1791)
Freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceful assembly
Right to keep and bear arms
No quartering of troops in citizens’ homes
No illegal search and seizure of property
Right of accused persons- self-incrimination + double jeopardy
Speedy, fair, public trial
Trial by a jury of “peers”
No cruel/unusual punishment
Reserved power to the people
Reserved power to the States