1. Prefixes Root Suffixes
Eu = True
Pro = before
Homo = same
Macro = large
Uni = one
Multi = many
Chloro = green
Cyto = Cell
Karya = nucleus
Sphere = Round
Suffixes
-ism = state or condition
-sphere = Round
-elle = small
-phyll = leaf
-cyte = cell

2. Characteristics of Life
What are the characteristics that all living organisms share?
Created by Coach Blocker
Schley County Middle School
Ellaville, Georgia

3. All living organisms are ORGANIZED
Organisms are organized in two ways:
Chemical Structure
Cell Structure

4. All Organisms Have A Similiar Chemical Structure
Chemical - a substance, such as an element or compound, that is made by a chemical process.
Element - atoms of only one kind and that cannot be separated by ordinary chemical means into simpler substances.
Compound – two or more elements chemically combined. Two types:
Inorganic compounds – compounds that do not contain carbon atoms. (H2O)
Organic compounds – any compound containing carbon atoms. (C6H12O6). Four types:
Proteins (made of amino acids), Carbohydrates (sugars/starches),
Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), and Lipids (Fats/oils/waxes)

5. All Organisms Have an Organized Cell Structure
Cells – The basic units of all organisms that carry out the functions of life.
* Unicellular – consisting of only one cell.
Bacteria and protists
* Multi-cellular – consisting of two or more cells.
Animals, Plants, and Fungi
animal cell
plant cell

6. All Organisms Respond To A Stimulus
Respond to internal and external changes
Stimulus – any factor that directly influences the activity of a living organism.
Homeostasis - Any self-regulating process by which a biological or mechanical system maintains stability while adjusting to changing conditions.
Adaptation - the process of changing to fit some purpose or situation.
Which way did they go!

7. All Organisms Take In And Use Energy
Metabolism - the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and new material is assimilated. Two types:
Anabolism – The phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized into the complex materials of living tissue.
Catabolism – the breaking down in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones, with the release of energy.
Eat, Digest and Elimination of waste
Autotrophs – self feeders, Producers
Photosynthesis – Creation of food from light energy.
Photo = light Synthesis = building
Heterotrophs – Other feeders, Consumers
Cellular respiration – break down of carbohydrates and lipids to release energy. (ATP)
Chloroplast
Mitochondria

8. All Organisms Grow and Develop
Organisms change during their Life Span
Life Span – The time between birth and death of an organism.
Grow – the organism becomes larger in size.
Unicellular organisms – increase their cell size
Multi-cellular organisms – increase their cell number
Develop – means to mature, become more complex
Gain the ability to perform more difficult task
Such as reproduction

9. All Organisms Can Reproduce
Reproduction - the process of producing new organisms of the same type. Two types:
Asexual Reproduction
A single parent organism reproducing by itself
Sexual Reproduction
Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information
Involves the combination of male and female sex cells

10. The Major Characteristic of All Organisms
All organisms are organized of similar chemicals
All organisms have an organized cell structure
All organisms respond to a stimulus to maintain homeostasis
All organisms take in and use energy
All organisms grow and develop
All organisms reproduce

11. Don’t be a Dodo…
Ask Questions!!

12. Elements
Three parts of an atom: Protons – positive charge Neutrons – No charge Electrons – Negative charge
Other elements w/ symbols:
Hydrogen H
Oxygen O
Nitrogen N
Carbon’s chemical symbol is C

14. Compounds H2O The chemical formula for water is:
Water is an compound that has two hydrogen atoms (H2) bonded to one oxygen atom (O).
The chemical formula for glucose is:
Molecule – the smallest particle of a compound that retains all the properties of the substance.