1. World History: Connection to Today
Chapter 10
The Byzantine Empire
and Russia
(330–1613)
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

2. World History: Connection to Today
Chapter 10: The Byzantine Empire and Russia
(330–1613)
Section 1: The Byzantine Empire
Section 2: The Rise of Russia
Section 3: Shaping Eastern Europe
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

3. The Byzantine Empire How did Justinian extend Byzantine power?1
The Byzantine Empire
How did Justinian extend Byzantine power?
What were the key elements of Byzantine Christianity?
Why did the Byzantine empire collapse?
What was the heritage of the Byzantine empire?

4. 1
Byzantine Empire to 1000

5. 1
The Age of Justinian
Justinian ruled the Byzantine empire from 527 to During his reign, Justinian
recovered provinces that had been previously overrun by invaders.
The Byzantine empire reached its greatest size under Justinian.
launched a program to beautify Constantinople.
The church of Hagia Sophia improved on earlier Roman buildings.
reformed the law.
Justinian’s Code was a model for medieval monarchs, the Roman Catholic Church, and later legal thinkers.
used the law to unite the empire under his control
Justinian ruled as an autocrat, or sole ruler with complete authority. He also had power over the Church.

6. Christianity in East and West1
Christianity in East and West
Byzantine Christianity
Western European Christianity
Byzantine emperor controlled Church affairs
People rejected pope’s claim to authority over all Christians
Clergy kept right to marry
Greek was language of the Church
Easter was main holy day
Emperor outlawed the use of icons, or holy images
Pope controlled Church affairs
People accepted pope’s claim to authority over all Christians
Clergy prohibited from marrying
Latin was language of the Church
Christmas was main holy day
Use of holy images permitted.
1054 – Differences between east and west provoked a schism, or permanent split, between the Eastern (Greek) Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church.

7. Decline of the Byzantine Empire1
Decline of the Byzantine Empire

8. The Byzantine Heritage1
For 1,000 years, the Byzantines built on the culture of the Hellenistic world. Byzantine civilization blended Christian beliefs with Greek science, philosophy, arts, and literature.
The Byzantines extended Roman achievements in engineering and the law.
Byzantine artists made unique contributions that influenced western styles from the Middle Ages to the present.
Byzantine scholars preserved the classic works of ancient Greece. They also produced their own great books, especially in the field of history.

9. 1
Section 1 Assessment
Which of the following lands was part of the Byzantine empire in 565?
a) Athens
b) Constantinople
c) Sicily
d) Asia Minor
Which is true of Byzantine Christianity?
a) Priests were not allowed to marry.
b) Latin was the official language.
c) The main holy day was Christmas.
d) The emperor controlled Church affairs.
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10. 1
Section 1 Assessment
Which of the following lands was part of the Byzantine empire in 565?
a) Athens
b) Constantinople
c) Sicily
d) Asia Minor
Which is true of Byzantine Christianity?
a) Priests were not allowed to marry.
b) Latin was the official language.
c) The main holy day was Christmas.
d) The emperor controlled Church affairs.
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11. 2
The Rise of Russia
How did geography help shape early Russia and the growth of Kiev?
How did the Mongol conquest affect Russia?
Why did Moscow emerge as the chief power in Russia?

12. The Geography of Russia2
The Geography of Russia
Russia’s varied climate zones helped shape early Russian life:
A band of fertile land in the south was home to Russia’s first civilization.
The steppe provided a highway for nomads migrating from Asia to Europe.
A network of rivers provided transportation for both people and goods. Major rivers ran north to south, linking Russia to the Byzantine world in the south.
The city of Kiev was located at the heart of the vital trade network linking Vikings, Slavs, and Constantinople. Kiev would later become the center of the first Russian state.

13. 2
Growth of Russia, 1330–1584

14. Effects of the Mongol Conquest2
Effects of the Mongol Conquest
In the early 1200s, Mongol armies, led by Ghengis Khan, conquered Russia. The Mongols ruled Russia for 240 years.
Kiev and other Russian towns were destroyed.
Many Russians were killed.
The Mongols tolerated the Russian Orthodox Church, which grew more powerful.
Russians adopted Mongol practice of subjugating women.
Trade routes opened up between China and Eastern Europe.
Absolute power of the Mongols served as a model for later Russian rulers.
Russia was cut off from Western Europe at an important time.

15. Moscow Emerged as the Chief Russian Power2
During the Mongol period, the princes of Moscow steadily increased their power.
Moscow benefited from its location near important river trade routes.
Moscow was made the capital of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Ivan the Great and Ivan the Terrible centralized power and recovered Russian territories.

16. Section 2 Assessment How long did the Mongols rule Russia? a) 10 years
b) 240 years
c) 500 years
d) 1 year
Moscow grew in power because it was located
a) on the steppe.
b) near important river trade routes.
c) south of Kiev.
d) in the mountains.
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17. Section 2 Assessment How long did the Mongols rule Russia? a) 10 years
b) 240 years
c) 500 years
d) 1 year
Moscow grew in power because it was located
a) on the steppe.
b) near important river trade routes.
c) south of Kiev.
d) in the mountains.
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18. Shaping Eastern Europe3
Shaping Eastern Europe
How did geography influence developments in Eastern Europe?
Why did Eastern Europe become a cultural mix of people?
What threats did the early kingdoms of Europe face?

19. The Geography of Eastern Europe3
Several geographic features contributed to developments in Eastern Europe:
Much of Eastern Europe borders on the steppes of southern Russia.
Trade and travel routes linked the Balkans with the Byzantine Empire and, later, the Muslim Ottoman empire.
In contrast, the northern regions of Eastern Europe forged closer ties with Western Europe.

20. A Diverse Mix of Peoples3
Eastern Europe’s geography made it a cultural crossroads.
The ease of migration encouraged many peoples to seek homes, as well as power, in the region.
As a result, Eastern Europe now includes a wealth of languages and cultures.

21. Early Kingdoms 3
During the Middle Ages, Eastern Europe included many kingdoms and small states. Sometimes empires absorbed national groups. Alliances or royal marriages bound others together for periods of time.
Poland reached its height of power when Queen Jadwiga married a Lithuanian duke. However, it declined when its rulers were unable to maintain a strong central government.
Hungary was overrun, first by Mongols, and then by Ottoman Turks.
Serbia was overrun by Ottoman Turks.

22. Jewish Migrations in Europe3
Jewish Migrations in Europe

23. Section 3 Assessment 3
Trade and travel linked the northern regions of Eastern Europe with
a) the Ottoman empire.
b) the Byzantine empire.
c) Western Europe.
d) the Balkans.
Why did Poland decline?
a) It was overrun by Turks.
b) It was overrun by Mongols.
c) It merged with Lithuania.
d) Its rulers were unable to maintain a strong central government.
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24. 3
Section 3 Assessment
Trade and travel linked the northern regions of Eastern Europe with
a) the Ottoman empire.
b) the Byzantine empire.
c) Western Europe.
d) the Balkans.
Why did Poland decline?
a) It was overrun by Turks.
b) It was overrun by Mongols.
c) It merged with Lithuania.
d) Its rulers were unable to maintain a strong central government.
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