1. Journal #15 Boycott – when people refuse to buy certain goods
Repeal – to end, usually refers to a law
Propaganda – information giving only one side in an argument
Writs of assistance – special forms which allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled goods
Journal #15

2. Trouble in the Colonies
5.3 and 5.4

3. What was the name of the war fought between the Wampanoag and the English settlers?
How did the French and Indian War start off? Who eventually won?
What was the name of the treaty that ended the French and Indian War?
This law prohibited settlers from living west of the Appalachian Mountains
Bonus Questions

4. Great Britain’s War Debts
Britain was in debt because of the French and Indian War (Seven Year’s War)
Britain was also paying money to keep an army in North America to protect colonists
Prime Minister George Grenville asked Parliament to tax the colonists

5. The Sugar Act The Sugar Act was passed by Parliament in 1764
This law put taxes on molasses and sugar imported by colonists
This was the first act passed specifically to raise money, not to regulate trade
The Sugar Act

6. Other British Policies
Colonies cannot print their own money
Ships are searched for smuggled goods
Ships had to give officials a list of their goods
The British give courts the power to punish smugglers harshly
Courts had no juries
Suspected smugglers are guilty until proven innocent
Other British Policies

7. Colonists begin to argue that Parliament cannot take property without personal consent or representation in government
James Otis and Samuel Adams are leaders they argued that:
The colonists were never asked about being taxed
The colonists had no representatives in Parliament
Colonial Assemblies did not influence Parliament
These two men spread the slogan – “no taxation without representation”
Colonists Speak Out

8. Samuel Adams (1722-1803) Born in Boston, Massachusetts
1 of 12 children (only 3 lived past age 3)
Came from a Puritan family
Graduated from Harvard, and was an unsuccessful tax collector and businessman before he became a politician
Spoke out against many British policies in the colonies
Started committees of correspondence which shared information about British laws and how to change them
Wrote a letter which further divided the British Parliament and Massachusetts and contributed to the Boston Massacre
Founding Father of the United States
Cousin of John Adams (2nd President)
Did he simply guide people toward independence or use propaganda to start mob violence?

9. The Stamp Act
Grenville proposed the Stamp Act in 1765 as an alternative to the Sugar Act
This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp every time they bought paper
Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing cards
Those who refused to pay were fined or jailed
People paid similar taxes in Britain, but the colonists protested the Stamp Act immediately
A popular method of protesting British laws was the boycott

10. Secret Societies In some places, colonists formed secret societies
Samuel Adams helped start the Sons of Liberty
These groups sometimes threatened tax collectors
Secret Societies

11. Patrick Henry
In May 1765 he presents a series of resolutions to the House of Burgesses in Virginia
Says that the Stamp Act violates colonists’ rights
Taxation without representation, no jury trial
The Colonial Assembly of Virginia supports some of Henry’s ideas

12. Patrick Henry 1st and 6th post-colonial governor of Virginia
Known as one of the most influential, radical advocates of the American Revolution
Founding Father of the United States
“Give me Liberty, or Give me Death!”
Patrick Henry

13. Repealing the Stamp Act
Word of Virginia’s action spreads and in October 1765 delegates from 9 colonies meet
They declare that the Stamp Act violates their rights and ask Parliament to repeal the act
Repealing the Stamp Act

14. Repealing the Stamp Act
Pressure to repeal the act grows
London merchants said their trade was suffering from colonial boycotts
Benjamin Franklin tells Parliament that colonists will buy goods when the act is repealed
The Stamp Act is repealed in 1766
The colonists celebrate with fireworks
They thank King George and promise to be loyal
Parliament is upset that the colonists have challenged their authority
Repealing the Stamp Act

15. New Taxes and Tensions
5.4

16. The Townshend Acts In 1767 Parliament passed the Townshend Acts
Placed duties (tax) on imported glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea
The money paid for military costs and the salaries of colonial governors
The British had guaranteed there wouldn’t be a peacetime army without the colonists’ consent
The British used writs of assistance which allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled goods
The Townshend Acts

17. Response to the Townshend Acts
Colonists hated these laws and began boycotting British goods
The Daughters of Liberty support the boycott
Colonial legislatures also protest the acts
Response to the Townshend Acts

18. Response to the Townshend Acts
In 1768 tax collectors seize a ship on suspicion of smuggling
The owner of the ship, John Hancock, was unhappy
The Sons of Liberty support Hancock and begin attacking the houses of customs officials
Governor Francis Bernard breaks up the Massachusetts legislature and calls British troops in to Boston

19. The Boston Massacre
Colonists and British soldiers disliked each other – name calling and fights were common
On March 5, 1770 a British soldier got into a fight with a colonist
A crowd gathered and began throwing snowballs and shouting insults
As more people and troops arrive, the soldiers fire into the crowd, killing several colonists
Significance: one of the events that contributed to the American Revolution

20. Samuel Adams and others used the event as propaganda against the British
The soldiers and their officer are charged with murder, 6 are found not guilty, 2 are found guilty and given minor punishments
The soldiers’ lawyer was John Adams (Samuel’s cousin and future president)
The Boston Massacre

21. To reduce tension, Parliament repealed almost all of the Townshend Acts except the tax on tea
The colonies were smuggling most of their tea to avoid the tax
The British pass the Tea Act in 1773 which would allow Britain to sell its tea to the colonies at very low prices
Colonial smugglers and merchants feared that cheap British tea would put them out of business
A Tax on Tea

22. The Boston Tea Party
A ship carrying British tea arrived in Boston in 1773, two others arrived later
The Sons of Liberty demanded that the ships leave – the Massachusetts governor won’t let them leave
On the night of December 16, colonists disguised as Indians snuck onto the 3 ships and dumped 90,000 pounds into Boston Harbor

23. Reaction to the Boston Tea Party
The British were united against the colonists
It rallied support for revolutionary colonists like Samuel Adams
Other colonists, like Benjamin Franklin, thought it was wrong and wanted to repay England (Lord North)

24. Lord North and the British Parliament decide to punish Massachusetts for the Tea Party
In 1774, they pass the Coercive Acts, which colonists called the Intolerable Acts
Boston Harbor was closed until Boston paid for the lost tea
The Massachusetts charter is cancelled
Royal officials’ trials are moved to Britain
Colonists are forced to house and supply British soldiers (the Quartering Act)
General Thomas Gage becomes the new governor of Massachusetts
The Intolerable Acts

25. Reaction to the Intolerable Acts
The British hoped that these steps would bring back order and make Massachusetts an example
This backfired and made citizens even more angry at Britain
Colonial leaders in Boston propose a boycott of all British goods in the colonies
Reaction to the Intolerable Acts