1. RECAP: Andrew Jackson, Indian Removal Act and the Second Bank of the US

2. What is this representing?

3. Answer:
King Andrew the First is a famous American political cartoon created by an unknown artist around 1833.
The cartoon depicts Andrew Jackson as a monarch holding a veto bill and trampling on the Constitution and on internal improvements of the national bank. The political cartoon was a response to Jackson’s veto against the United States national bank.
While the creator of the cartoon remained anonymous—the political affiliation is evident—this was from the Whig’s point of view.

4. Which group considered Andrew Jackson “Their Champion”?

5. The Common People across the country!!
Andrew Jackson Inauguration Party

6. Indian Removal Act (1830)

7. Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, The Indian Removal Act authorized the government to negotiate the trade of lands east of the Mississippi for lands west of the Mississippi River. The government was to pay all costs associated with migration. The act received strong support from the non-Indian peoples of the South—but there was a large amount of resistance from the Indian tribes, the Whig Party, and whites in the northeast—especially New England.

8. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it lacked jurisdiction (the power to hear the case) to review claims of an Indian nation within the United States.
Although the Court sympathized with the Cherokee’s plight—acknowledging they had been persecuted and marginalized by America’s European settlers—they couldn’t hear the case because the Cherokee Nation was not a foreign nation but rather a domestic dependency.
Thus, Cherokee Indians would have to find a citizen to represent them.

9. Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
In Worcester v. Georgia, the Court ruled that because the Cherokee Nation was a separate political entity that could not be regulated by the state, Georgia’s license law was unconstitutional. Furthermore, the Court then argued that: Today's "treaties and laws of the United States [also] contemplate the Indian territory as completely separated from that of the states; and provide that all intercourse with them shall be carried on exclusively by the government of the union." Therefore, only the United States can negotiate the terms of Indian lands and the use thereof. States lack constitutional power to deal with such "nations" at all. Thus, Georgia could not pass the license law and convict Worcester for violation of that law.

10. Worcester V. Georgia (1832)
The Court ruled the Cherokee Nation constituted a sovereign nation and thus Georgia did not have to right to force them to leave their ancestral land.
Andrew Jackson (already skeptical of SCOTUS power) did not support this decision by Marshall’s Court and supposedly said...
“John Marshall has made his decision…now let him enforce it”

11. What treaty forced the Cherokee Removal?

12. Treaty of New Echota (1835)
The Treaty of New Echota was signed in 1835, ceding Cherokee land to the U.S. in exchange for compensation.
The treaty had been negotiated by a Cherokee leader, Major Ridge, who claimed to represent the Cherokee Nation when, in fact, he spoke only for a small faction.

13. Where were the Cherokee Forced to move?

14. Trail of Tears ( )

15. Trail of Tears
A series of forced removals of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to an area (modern Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi River that had been designated as Indian Territory.
The forced relocations were carried out by various government authorities following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830.
The relocated people suffered from exposure, disease and starvation while en route, and more than 4,000 died before reaching their various destinations.
The removal included members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations.

16. What was the effect of the Tariff of 1828/32 for southern farmers?

17. Tariff Debate It increased the cost of European Imports
The tariff also hurt southern farmers by driving down the cost of cotton and other crops.
Led to Nullification Crisis

18. 2nd Bank of the US Why did Andrew Jackson dislike the National Bank??
He distrusted the institution—thought it was corrupt and too powerful
Thought the institution was elitist—the power was in the hands of few
Thought it trampled on states rights.

19. “The bank, Mr. Van Buren, is trying to kill me, but I will kill it”
Jackson’s veto blocked the bank’s re-charter in 1836…this effectually ended the 2nd Bank of the United States.
It ceased to exist.
Jackson thought the Bank of the United States hurt ordinary citizens by exercising too much control over credit and economic opportunity, and he succeeded in shutting it down.

20. Panic of 1837
 Following his victory, Jackson went about destroying the central banking system of the United States and transferred federal assets to chosen state banks, which became known as Jackson’s “pet” banks.
This action seriously impaired the confidence in the currency and in 1836 Jackson issued the “Specie Circular,” which stated that all public lands must be paid for in specie (silver and gold).
This in effect hastened the Panic of 1837 and tended to contradict the private script system where individual banks were allowed to issue their own paper currency.
The large sums of money that speculators borrowed from banks and the lack of specie in banks were the main contributing factors that led to the Panic of 1837.