1. The Enlightenment
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2. The Enlightenment
Voltaire Philosophical Letters Concerning the English Nation (1734) Philosophes Scientific Revolution Isaac Newton John Locke Essay on Human Understanding (1689) Deism Montesquieu The Spirit of the Laws (1748) Rousseau The Social Contract (1762) General Will Adam Smith Wealth of Nations (1776) “Laissez-Faire” Beccaria Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) Denis Diderot Encyclopedia volumes—(1751 – 72)

3. Europe in 1648

4. "Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed inability" to use his own understanding without guidance from church, prince, or emperor.
-- Emmanuel Kant

5. philosophes

6. François Marie Arouet aka Voltaire 1694-1778

7. Philosophical Letters Concerning the English Nation
Religious toleration
Deists
God as watchmaker
clergy had too much control over people's minds
in England, people weren't under control of the clergy

8. John Locke 1632-1704 Essay on Human Understanding tabula rasa

9. Philosophical Letters Concerning the English Nation
Religious toleration
Politics with representation

10. John Locke 1632-1704 Two Treatises on Government

11. Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu 1689-1755 The Spirit of the Laws

12. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778 The Social Contract

13. Philosophical Letters Concerning the English Nation
Religious toleration
Politics with representation
Society based on merit

14. Émilie du Châtelet

15. Mary Wollstonecraft

16. salon Montesquieu (or at least his nose) bust of Voltaire Diderot
Rousseau
the hostess
He’s reading Voltaire’s latest work.

17. Philosophical Letters Concerning the English Nation
Religious toleration
Politics with representation
Society based on merit
Exchange of ideas

18. Denis Diderot 1713-1784 Encyclopedia

19. Key Ideas of the Enlightenment
Discover by reason and experience the natural laws that should operate in any situation; remove obstacles to their operation, and the result will be progress toward happiness and freedom.
1. Reason
2. Natural Laws
3. Progress
4. Happiness
5. Freedom

20. Enlightened Despotism

21. Enlightened Despotism
Frederick II (the Great)
Prussia (1740 – 86)
Silesia
San Souci
Junkers
Joseph II
Austria
1765 – 80 (Co-Ruler)
1780 – 90 (Emperor)
Habsburg Dynasty
“Linguistic Imperialism”
Patent of Tolerance (1781)
Catherine II (the Great)
Russia (1762 – 96)
Odessa
Hermitage
“Instruction” (1766)
Pugachev Revolt ( )
Partitions of Poland (1772 – 95)

22. Europe in 1763

23. Frederick II “the Great” of Prussia (1712-1786)

24. Frederick with Voltaire

25. San Souci

26. Joseph II of Austria

27. Catherine “the Great” of Russia r. 1762-1796

28. Odessa

29. The Hermitage

30. The Hermitage - Interior

31. Partitions of Poland

32. Coming Soon . . .
F 1/18 Map Quiz
M 1/21 MLK, Jr. Day
W 1/23 Voltaire, Candide

33. Voltaire’s Candide
Note 5-6 pieces of evidence in Candide supporting an Enlightenment idea.
Identify a pattern in your evidence and explain how it fits in with the Enlightenment idea you’ve identified.
Type it up and bring it to class to turn in.