1. WESTWARD EXPANSION VISUAL VOCABULARY

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
SS.912.A.2.7 Review the Native American experience.
SS.912.A.3.1 Analyze the economic challenges to American farmers and farmers' responses to these challenges in the mid to late 1800s.

3. Who Shaped the American West?
Pioneers

4. Who Shaped the American West?
Gold Diggers

5. Who Shaped the American West?
Chinese Railroad Workers

6. Who Shaped the American West?
African American Cowboys

7. Who Shaped the American West?
Immigrant Lumberjacks

8. Who Shaped the American West?
Mexican-American Cowboys

9. Who Shaped the American West?
Civil War Veteran Buffalo Hunters

10. Who Shaped the American West?
Native Americans

11. Who Shaped the American West?
Mail Order

12. Who Shaped the American West?
President Abraham Lincoln

13. Westward Expansion
A movement westward for jobs, land, hope, the gold rush, adventure, a new beginning and the transcontinental railroad
It lasted from

14. Manifest Destiny
Belief held in the 1800's that Americans had the right and the duty to spread across the continent all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
Use the link below to learn more about Manifest Destiny

15. Boomtowns
Settlements that sprang up or grew rapidly as the result of some economic or political development.
Virginia City, Montana 1880
Mining Towns: sprang up because of the discovery of gold or silver
Cow Towns: Places where cattle were sold and the cowboys paid
Use the link below to learn about Cattle Drive Trails:
Dodge City, Kansas

16. Land Grant
Giving a company or individual land to use for a certain use.

17. Exodusters
The name given to thousands of African Americans, from the southern states along the Mississippi River, who migrated to Kansas.

18. Transcontinental Railroad
A train route across the United States. It was the project of two railroad companies: the Union Pacific built from the east, and the Central Pacific built from the west. The two lines met in Utah.
Use the link below to learn about the Transcontinental Railroad and the people who helped to build it:

19. Open Range Open Range System
A vast area of grassland owned by the government where ranchers could graze their herds for free.
Open Range System
Branding cattle so they could be identified and allowing them to roam freely.

20. Range Wars
Ranchers fought over water rights or grazing rights to unfenced/unowned land, it could pit competing farmers or ranchers against each other
Barbed Wire
Cheap and inexpensive way to mark land and keep cattle enclosed.

21. Reservation
An area of land managed by a Native American tribe under the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs.

22. Assimilation
The process of adjusting or changing to fit the culture of a group or nation.

23. Populism
a belief in the power of regular people, and in their right to have control over their government

24. Reservation Reservation System
An area of land managed by a Native American tribe under the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Reservation System
Native Americans were encouraged to live on the reservations, and the U.S. promised to provide food, goods and money and to protect them from attack by other tribes and white settlers

25. Homestead Act of 1862
Opened up settlement in the western United States, allowing any American, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land
Use the link below to learn about the Homestead Act of 1862:
G0Zaz3Y

26. Sand Creek Massacre 1864
U.S. Army's killing of about 130 Cheyenne elderly, women and children at the Sand Creek Reservation in Colorado Territory.
I saw the bodies of those lying there cut all to pieces, worse mutilated than any I ever saw before; the women cut all to pieces ... With knives; scalped; their brains knocked out; children two or three months old; all ages lying there, from sucking infants up to warriors ... By whom were they mutilated? By the United States troops ...
— John S. Smith, Congressional Testimony of Mr. John S. Smith, 1865
Use the link below to learn about the causes and effects of the Sand Creek Massacre:

27. The Grange Movement Granger Laws
The Patrons of Husbandry, or the Grange, was founded in 1867 to advance methods of agriculture, as well as to promote the social and economic needs of farmers in the United States
Granger Laws
A series of laws was enacted in the Granger states, establishing public regulation of railroad rates and operating practices.
Use the link below to learn more about the
Grange Movement:

28. Little Bighorn 1876
Battle during which the Sioux Tribe defeated the U.S. Army forces led by Colonel George A. Custer.

29. Farmers’ Alliances
Political action groups that sprang up among Middle Westerners and Southerners, who were unhappy because of crop failures, falling prices, and poor marketing and credit facilities.

30. Assimilation Dawes Act
The process of adjusting or changing to fit the culture of a group or nation.
Dawes Act
Designed to encourage the breakup of the tribes and promote the assimilation of Indians into American society by setting up schools and giving adult males 160 acres to farm.

31. Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
Passed by Congress to address the cost of freight-shipping on the railroads.
The Interstate Commerce Act created an Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee the conduct of the railroad industry.
Railroads were the first industry to be regulated by congress.

32. Wounded Knee Massacre
U.S. troops went into the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation camp to disarm the Lakota. A tribesman was reluctant to give up his rifle. A scuffle over the rifle escalated and a shot was fired which resulted in the 7th Cavalry's opening fire from all sides, killing men, women, and children, as well as some of their own fellow soldiers.

33. The People’s Party
An agrarian-populist political party in the United States. For a few years, 1892–96, it played a major role as a left-wing force in American politics.