1. Repaso: los pronombres y los mandatos
Español 2 Gramática 4.2

2. Los objetos directos
A direct object is what receives the action of the verb in a sentence. It can be a thing or a person.
She opens the book.
Ella abra el libro.
Mary smacked John.
Mary golpeó John.
A direct object answers the question “what?” or “whom?” with regard to what the subject is doing.
What is she opening?
Receives the action
Verb
Receives the action
Who is Mary smacking?
Verb

3. Los objetos directos Me Nos Te Os Lo / La Los / Las
Direct object pronouns can stand for a person or an inanimate object, as long as it receives the action of the verb.
The direct object pronouns in Spanish are: Me
Nos Te Os
Can stand for ellos, ellas, ustedes, or “them”
Can stand for él, ella, usted, or “it”
Lo / La
Los / Las

4. Los objetos indirectos
An indirect object tells us to whom the direct object is going. An indirect object is the person who receives the direct object or benefits from the action of the verb.
We use the preposition “a” before an indirect object

5. Los objetos indirectos
Indirect Object
Direct Object
John buys the woman a gift.
John le compra un regalo a la señora.
The hairdresser cut the woman’s hair.
El peluquero le cortó el pelo a la señora.
The gift receives the action of being bought
Verb
The woman benefits from the action and receives the direct object.
The indirect object answers “to whom?” or “for whom?” the action of the verb is performed
For whom is the hair cut?

6. Los objetos indirectos
Indirect object pronouns stand for the person that benefits from the action or receives the direct object.
The indirect object pronouns in Spanish are: Me
Nos Te Os Le
Les

7. Los verbos y pronombres reflexivos
In English, to talk about what a person did to himself or herself, you either use a reflexive pronoun or you use a possessive adjective with a part of the body.
I burned myself.
I burned my hand.
Reflexive pronoun
Possessive adjective

8. Los verbos y los pronombres reflexivos
In Spanish, you always use a reflexive pronoun either alone or in addition to a definite article with a part of the body.
Me quemé. (I burned myself.)
Me quemé la mano. (I burned my hand.)
The definite articles in Spanish are el, la, los, and las. They usually mean “the”.
The Spanish reflexive pronouns are: Me
Nos Te Os Se

9. Todo junto… El cocinero se cortó el dedo y se puso una curita.
We often use reflexive pronouns (and verbs) with direct objects when we talk about injuries.
In cases like this, the direct object is a part of the body or something that you put on.
El cocinero se cortó el dedo y se puso una curita.
The cook cut his finger and put on a bandage.
What receives those actions?
What do we call those?
Why do we use “se” in the sentence?
What are the actions in the sentence?

10. Todo junto…
All pronouns (reflexive, direct object, and indirect object) follow these rules:
They go before a conjugated verb
They are attached to an infinitive or present participle (gerund)
They go before the verb in a negative command
They are attached to the verb in an affirmative command
Se cortó el dedo
Necesito una curita. Ella va a darmela / Ella está dándomela.
¡No te rompas tu brazo! (informal) / ¡No se rompa su brazo! (formal)
¡Lávate las manos! (informal) / ¡Lávese las manos! (formal)

11. ¡Tarea! El peluquero le cortó el pelo a la señora.
In addition to the (tiny) worksheet you have for homework tonight, you will also be creating a sentence diagram for the Trabajo Excelente wall.
This means you will write a Spanish sentence with its English translation and label all of the parts. For example:
El peluquero le cortó el pelo a la señora.
Action
Direct object (receives the action)
Subject (does the action)
Indirect object pronoun and indirect object (benefit from the action)