1. Nikos Anagnopoulos President and Managing Director
Exploring good practices in improving both environmental performance in aquaculture
and cost effective implementation of WFD & MSFD
ATHENS 5-6 of MAY 2014
Implementation of the MSFD and WFD in relation to aquaculture
Nikos Anagnopoulos
President and Managing Director

2. SEAFOOD AND AQUACULTURE IN EUROPE
Europe is the top global market for seafood
With declining fisheries, Aquaculture has provided a new opportunity for producing excellent and safe food for the European consumer
Aquaculture has created new businesses throughout Europe, specifically in coastal and rural zones

3. EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
Total production of 1.9 Mtons in 2011 and 2,2 Mtons in 2012
Marine cold water species (69,5%)
Freshwater species (16,5%)
Marine Mediterranean marine species (14%)
Source: FEAP Member Associations

4. EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
Source: FEAP Member Associations

5. EU AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
Total production of Tons in 2012
Source: FEAP Member Associations

6. EUROPEAN FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
Total production of about tons in 2011
Major Producer is Turkey followed by Italy, Poland, France, Denmark and Germany
Dominant species are rainbow trout (75%) and carp (20%).
Source: FEAP Member Associations

7. MEDITERRANEAN AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
Total production of Tons in 2012.
Major producers are Greece (42,4%) and Turkey (33,7%) followed by Spain (12,6%) and Italy (5,9%).
Dominant species are sea bream and sea bass that account for about 90% of the total marine Mediterranean production.
Source: FEAP Member Associations

8. MEDITERRANEAN AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
Source: FEAP Member Associations

9. MEDITERRANEAN SEA BASS & SEA BREAM PRODUCTIONTn

10. CONSUMPTION OF SEA BASS AND SEA BREAM IN MAIN COUNTRIES
Fish supply-demand gap (deficit) in Europe is increasing and dependency on fish imports has been increasing over the years as well (60%).
EU is now the largest fish-seafood importer, with the USA, but mainly Asian countries, being the primary suppliers.
Remarkable increase in consumption of sea bream and sea bass during the last years.
Opportunities in new markets which shows increasing trends in fish consumption (e.g. Russia, USA)
Source: KONTALI ANALYSE 2009

11. EXPORTS OF GREEK SEA BASS & SEA BREAM AND MARKET SHARE
COUNTRIES
CONSUMPTION OF SEA BASS &SEA BREAM
GREEK EXPORTS (TN)
GREEK MARKET SHARE
Italy
94.000
46.000
49%
Spain
15.000
33%
France
22.000
13.000
59%
Great Britain
10.000
8.000
80%
Portugal
14.000
6.000
43%
Germany
5.000
4.000
USA
2.500
2.000
TOTAL
About 70% of the Greek sea bass and sea bream production is exported. Main European markets are those of Italy, Spain and France.
Greek exports cover the 49% of the main European countries consumption (market share).
Source: KONTALI ANALYSE 2009

12. GREEK AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY
tons annual fish production (estimation for 2013)
MARINE AQUACULTURE IN GREECE
80 companies – 330 on growing fishfarms and about 500 shelfish farms
FRESH WATER AQUACULTURE IN GREECE
120 freshwater farms
51 hatcheries – 78 packaging units
annual fry production

13. GREEK AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY
Highly competitive sustainable (economically and environmentally) industry
Aquaculture became an important pillar of the Greek economy becoming No 1 exporter of agricultural products with €500 million (2012) export value.
Considerable addition to the national balance of trade for seafood.
Major employer in remote areas and rural areas .
A considerable number of direct jobs (around ) and indirect jobs (around 8.000) in related industries such as cage manufacturing, feed production, processing industry and services.
Producer of best quality safe and traceable product for the consumer in reasonable price.

14. GREEK AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENT
Extensive cooperation of industry with the scientific and environmental community in order to address the potential negative impact in order to ensure that such impacts are averted.
Aquaculture has an important role in maintaining the balance of the aquatic environment (requirement for high quality water, systematic monitoring and assessment of water quality).

15. GREEK SPECIAL FRAMEWORK OF SPATIAL PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR AQUACULTURE
From early 2000, the F.G.M. (joined later by PAN.U.S.ME.A.E.) lobbied the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Food towards the implementation of an Aquaculture Spatial Planning.
In 2007, the University of Crete released the study “The effects of aquaculture in the marine environment and adaptation of the production capacity to the environmental characteristics of marine ecosystems”.
In 2009, the M.E. and M.A.R.D.F. came to an agreement on the contents of a supporting study for the Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development of Greek Aquaculture, financed by F.G.M. / PAN.U.S.ME.A.E.
By November 2011, the contents have been finalised and the 31722/ Ministerial Decision “Approval of a Special Spatial Planning Framework and Sustainable Development for Aquaculture and its strategic environmental impacts assessment” was published.

16. GREEK SPECIAL FRAMEWORK OF SPATIAL PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR AQUACULTURE
The Framework regulates aquaculture spatially, both at sea and inland waters.
It covers all aquatic organisms (animals and plants) with economic interest.
The largest part is referred to marine aquaculture, as it is the sector with the need for spatial regulation.
Encourages the creation of Areas for Regulated Aquaculture Development (ARAD) and sets out the process
Refers to major environmental requirements.
Purpose:
To record, clarify and serve the basic spatial needs of aquaculture units in a way that their operation does not conflict with the development of other activities and not degrade the environment irreparably.

17. WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (WFD)
Applies to inland water and coastal water up to 1 nautical mile from coastal state baselines.
Establishes o framework to prevent further deterioration of aquatic ecosystems and introduces the consideration of the biological community, as well as the natural structure and functions of the aquatic ecosystem, as a quality element in the assessment of surface water status.
Sets the ambitious goal of attaining “Good Ecological Status” for Europe’s rivers, lakes, groundwater bodies and coastal waters by 2015.

18. WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (WFD) –IMPLEMENTATION IN GREECE
14 Water Bodies for 12 of which River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) have been approved (April 2014).
RBMPs were compiled by Special Secretariat for Water of the Greek Ministry for Environment, Energy and Climate Change through 5 contracts and the Technical Assistance of ECOS CONSULTING S.A.
Main issues covered in the management plans are a) summary of most important human pressures in water, b) monitoring program and its implementation for the assessment of ecological, chemical etc status of water, c)list of environmental targets for the water bodies, d)economic assessment of water use, e)programs of measures in order to achieve targets.

19. WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (WFD) –IMPLEMENTATION IN GREECE
As mentioned WFD applies in inland water and coastal water up to 1 nautical mile from coast where the vast majority of greek aquaculture farms is located.
Although in terms of scale, the economic, social and environmental impact of aquaculture is small relative to other water users (domestic consumption, agriculture, industry etc) the significance of the sector is well recognized in the RBMPs.
Aquaculture (both freshwater and marine water) is sufficiently described in the management plans as a distinct economic activity.

20. WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (WFD) –IMPLEMENTATION IN GREECE
In RBMPs the existing aquaculture farms were investigated as to their impact in the ecological status of the water.
PROPOSED ACTIONS
The coastal Areas for Regulated Aquaculture Development (ARAD) as defined in the Greek Special Framework of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development for Aquaculture are now included in the Register of Protected Areas (According to Article 6 of WFD) as “Areas for the protection of aquatic species of economic importance”.
In the program of measures of RBMPs the following 3 main actions are integrated:
Specialization of the auditing and selection of areas for the development of inland aquaculture farms
Specialization of the licensing criteria for the establishment of new aquaculture farms or the expansion of the existing ones.
Formation of a legal regulatory framework for the assessment of water quality in aquaculture farms

21. MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (MSFD)
Applies to marine waters which include the coastal waters covered by the WFD (in those particular aspects not addressed by the WFD) but extends to those waters which are still under sovereignty of the Member States (mainly EEZ).
MSFD requires Member States to develop, on a regional basis, marine strategies that must contain a detailed assessment of the state of the environment, a definition of good environmental status at regional level and the establishment of environmental targets and monitoring programmes with the overall objective of maintaining or achieving Good Environmental Status in the marine environment by 2020 at the latest.

22. MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (MSFD)
Stages of action plan of marine strategies
1. Preparation
Initial assessment of the current environmental status of marine waters and the environmental impact of human activities
Determination of characteristics of Good Environmental Status - GES of marine waters
Establishment of a series of environmental targets and associated indicators
Establishment and implementation of a monitoring programme for ongoing assessment and regular updating of targets
2. Programme of measures
Development of a programme of measures designed to achieve or maintain GES
Implementation of the above mentioned programme of measures
MAY 2014

23. MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (MSFD) – IMPLEMENTATION IN GREECE
Greece has completed the Initial assessment, the Determination of characteristics of GES and Establishment of a series of environmental targets and associated indicators. Now is about to begin implementation of a monitoring programme for ongoing assessment and regular updating of targets (Reporting to EE according to deadlines of the Directive).
Special Secretariat for Water is responsible for the implementation of Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC in Greece, with the Technical assistance of the Union “APC ADVANCED PLANNING–CONSULTING S.A. – UNIVERSITY OF THE AEGEAN – THEODOROS VAKKAS”
Achievement of GES
Programmes of measures
Preparation of action plan
IMPLEMENTATION
EVALUATION

24. MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (MSFD) – IMPLEMENTATION IN GREECE
Although
MSFD applies mainly to offshore marine waters rather than coastal waters, where there are not till now aquaculture farms (in the case of Greece)
aquaculture activity in Greece was one of the pressures which were analytically addressed by the WFD
In the Greek National Report for the implementation of the initial assessment of MSFD, there is a brief presentation of marine aquaculture sector as a human activity which affects the marine environment locally (mainly in correlation with nutrient flows, sea floor integrity and alien species).

25. MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (MSFD) – IMPLEMENTATION IN GREECE
In the Greek National Report for the implementation of the initial assessment of MSFD, marine aquaculture is recognized as an important economic sector related to marine waters, grouped in the category of resource users (together with fisheries, fisheries product processing and coastal fisheries infrastructure).
The activity of aquaculture is mainly analyzed in terms of economic and social contribution through the use of marine water accounts approach.
An estimation of the degradation cost of the sector was conducted (which refers to the estimation of damages, in monetary terms, effected upon the economic sectors which have stakes on the marine waters due to the degradation of the water and environmental quality).
No specific targets or indicators for aquaculture are proposed, other than the general target of reduction in nutrients and organic matter loads entering the marine environment from point and diffused sources (Descriptor 5-Nutrient enrichment and Eutrophication).
Aquaculture
*the present value of the production value and the added value for aquaculture was calculated based on 3 different scenarios of degradation

26. THANK YOU
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